As initiatives related to education in emergencies continue to grow, graduate students of Columbia University have, for the second year in a row, created a compilation of student work reflecting critical issues in the field. They are also deprived of their friends and associates physical presence in their everyday life. These mental health problems can be alleviated by developing awareness and getting prompt, personalised support. Licensee IntechOpen. 191 32 From the professionals best practices to assist students in being successful through online education or hybrid teaching and learning formats, many opportunities arose to shape and reform education for a better future and transform the process of lifelong learning. /Kids [5 0 R 6 0 R 7 0 R] In most universities, there have been live lectures, seminars or labs which may have also been pre-recorded or recorded live sessions uploaded and e-resources to make them accessible at any time from anywhere. It has been challenging for many educators to learn and use various tools and techniques and create engaging learning opportunities in the unfamiliar virtual learning environments or digital workspaces [9]. Susan Fisher is the Emergency Management Coordinator at California State University, Fullerton. Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn citations and find new collaborators, meaning more people see your work not only from your own field of study, but from other related fields too. Following the principles of qualitative research, on this reflection a foreign language teacher describes his social experience in an Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT) when he moved his face-to-face classes to online ones. One of the main advantages of the use of technology is that a large number of students can join online session at one time. Some teach because they gain knowledge and skills through these interactions. However, this does not mean that technology takes over the instructors tasks and human presence in the learning process. Home > For example, in a distant learning virtual classroom clear-cut verbal instruction should be provided in order not to confuse the students. According to Rogers [88], learners, teachers and parents in pandemic circumstances need to accept virtual or emergency remote education. Accountability Strengthening education systems (including state and non-state) to ensure equitable and effective education services for all children and young people and avoiding Alongside online session, whenever health regulations supported, there were arrangements for face-to-face sessions which improve the learning process and student engagement and satisfaction. Education provides a channel for conveying health and survival messages as well as tools and techniques for teaching new skills and values, such as peace, tolerance, conflict resolutions, democracy, human rights, environmental conservation. As a consequence, changes in motivation, loss of focus and control, and significant tension that the student experiences are the problems that both the student and the teacher must resolve. By making research easy to access, and puts the academic needs of the researchers before the business interests of publishers. John Tommaney is the Director of Emergency Management at Boston College. /MediaBox [0 0 576 783] Here it must be mentioned that even in a pandemic situation, there is no change in parental expectation of getting higher marks in exams from their children. Religious education (RE) has a greater impact on preparing young people to live and work in a diverse community than any other subjects [105]. Factors need to be supported for individuals mental wellbeing during education in emergencies. In this way, e-learning should be focused on basic ideas about all relevant aspects of life, especially dealing with ongoing emergency including what is important, what to do, where to go and how to cope with different situations. However, technological advancement has already led to the digital transformation of everyday life, and technology-enhanced learning has already been widely adopted by many education institutions across the globe. Online distance learning (ODL) is the use of the internet and some other important technologies to develop materials for educational purposes, instructional delivery and management of the educational programmes [23, 24]. The need to develop 21st-century competencies has received global recognition [92, 93, 94], but instructional methods have not been reformed yet to include the teaching of these skills. It is certainly not enough for the teacher to evaluate students success by monitoring quantitative facts, like the frequency of tasks, the number of posts and the grades earned [62]. R.Ce.DA0M`"Y*!FX,.8m3_#'E I3?rLDM_ BoEpGe#CG42C$b2DVD4 DOU iHW-DG0HprX4 { Dd3A`(5,tTq9{Z`,6;a5[ P$:0P1[hcPpgPRe' LzzsK6*QA2M$Ys1P&I`2 /kUta:'Hf%!OQER0e3MRosi^Z>VfRCvm,\U&iJ8 )6>;=n{9D_8\{>tJQs|? /CreationDate (D:20070704142732-04'00') @!tN Clinical teaching in a busy emergency department: strategies for success Rick Penciner, MD* Introduction Emergency physicians teach residents and medical students for many reasons. As a result, students become less self-esteemed and motivated to learn as well as possessing little enjoyment in a virtual classroom [83, 84]. /CropBox [0 0 576 783] It is a great opportunity from the students point of view that they can access the materials at anytime from anywhere and revisit or revise the available resources [30, 31]. 1-256-782-8053. In this way, individual and cultural area-based students needs should be explored. On the basis of virtual class attendance, virtual class participation and rate of academic engagement in virtual class-assessment should have monitored. In reality, there are many things to learn from this situation for preparing to address similar emergencies in the future. x+ | Subsequently, it is even more difficult to recognise such unproductive emotional states such as boredom, and irritation. 0000341795 00000 n Mental health has been seen to be significant in learning as it relates to and acts as a driving force for academic achievement, motivation, efficiency, identity formation, individual development, and overall wellbeing; yet it may negatively influence the achievement of learning outcomes, progress, and experience [47, 48, 49, 50, 51]. There is evidence, however, that students with high levels of mental health problems prefer to keep their difficulties concealed rather than disclosing them [77]. Moreover, learners are being pressured by teachers and parents to complete the syllabus or course content in order to maintain academic performance. 7 0 obj Non-formal education (NFE) programs are often designed for specific groups of learners such as those who are too old for their grade, whose education has been disrupted or who require /Length 10 0000006540 00000 n Some primary and secondary level students become dependent on their parents or other family members to participate in their virtual class due to lack of technological skills for using online learning tools [80, 81, 82]. << Susan Fisher is the Emergency Management Coordinator at California State University, Fullerton. 2 0 obj [61] found that challenge-related stress had a positive relationship to learning performance, and that barrier-related stress had a negative relationship to learning performance and mental health in an e-learning context. 0000331294 00000 n With students and educators reentering their classrooms for the 2022-23 school year, district leaders need to be able to reassure everyone in their school community that school safety. Developing digital self-efficacy and technological proficiency can also minimise some fears and anxieties while individuals engage in a self-regulated learning process [67, 68]. Teachers as practitioners have important insights to offer into how they overcome the difficulties through changes in practice and innovations in pedagogical methods and approaches using different digital or non-digital teaching and learning platforms and different tools and techniques. The challenges in building foundational competencies through designing new curriculums and implementing pedagogy necessitate specialised training. how educational professionals report on their adaptation journey and how the pandemic impacted the ability to serve and engage learners. Due to the multifaceted impact of the situation, it is suggested that students should be connected with other people, be physically active, learn new skills, create positive feelings and be mindful [52]. %%EOF /Resources 11 0 R [27] concluded that the instructional achievement of online learning is debatable because of the absence of face-to-face relationship among learners and learning facilitators (i.e. To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. 0000336628 00000 n 'Education in emergencies' refers to the quality learning opportunities for all ages in situations of crisis, including early childhood development, primary, secondary, non-formal, technical, Considering the above benefits and challenges of online distance teaching and learning, it is crucial to go on with emergency remote (online distance) teaching and learning especially at this point of time (during the lockdown in the pandemic). Education is a tool for protecting and safeguarding children in emergencies as they are extremely vulnerable in situations. endobj This process of collegiality support the transformation of traditional education, to enable it to be successful, through blended and online experiences, in developing better learning outcomes for their students [87]. 9 0 obj In turn, these will decrease their engagement with destructing activities online. uuid:3c88b22f-2a5c-11dc-8b41-003065d70912 %PDF-1.4 % Although there have been many challenges and difficulties to operate emergency remote teaching and learning (ERTL), for example, as already mentioned above that there are many courses or modules which require practical sessions or lab demonstrations [29]. E-Learning and Digital Education in the Twenty-First Century, Submitted: October 15th, 2020 Reviewed: March 25th, 2021 Published: September 10th, 2021, Total Chapter Downloads on intechopen.com. Teaching and learning are essential parts of the rounded development of individuals to unfold their potential. The correlation between cognition and mental health is bidirectional, which means that cognition and mental health operate in two ways, so both must be better understood [58]. ONeil and Spielberger [60] contended that extreme stress and pressure degrade understanding and thus inadequate learning (all of which may have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic) may be elicited by limited memory, attention span or decision-making, regardless of having the engaged motivation. Researchers should consider how to capture the hidden mental wellbeing of students in addition to collecting students impressions before they get disaffected and drop out of the course. Your email address will not be published. !' J2v3kk#x|M89Mw Higher education lecturers, who develop their own modules, in their module design, they should take into consideration, recognise and acknowledge the importance of good mental health in learning and incorporate tailored interventions, feedback and advice, and support accordingly [48]. Jerusha Kasch is the director of Institutional Crisis Management at Rice University. >> According to existentialist Binswanger [88], the learners surrounding world of things and events must be considered. 0000002647 00000 n Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Education can be a life-saving intervention: it provides a safe place for children to learn and play, provides protection from further violence and exploitation such as forced labour, sexual This practice will also reduce students anxiety and increase participation and engagement in e-learning. An individuals mental wellbeing is significantly important during a time of crisis to reduce the risk to mental health, especially psychological stability and morale [33, 34, 35]. How can they keep their students motivated and encourage them about learning and education where the future seems blurred? 8 0 obj PreventionWeb.net: the knowledge platform for disaster risk reduction These findings contribute to the understanding of emergency remote teaching in different countries where schools and individual households devise varying strategies and solutions. Students are equally valued in all respects by teachers whether they are on campus face-to-face class or in a virtual class. On the one hand, students of this age could be asked to make different materials relevant to their textbook topics. Tel: 800-354-1420; Tel: 215-625-8900; Fax: 215-207-0050; Web site: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals. nk'V2J$! 0.O c'Rt}{i)6VM{8>) During the pandemic, the burning question in the context of education is: how can educators keep their learners engaged and motivated when many of them suffer from economic deprivations, losses of loved ones, health issues or lack of resources? teachers, instructors or trainers). Research shows that the discussion method is better than the lecture method in terms of students academic achievement [89]. The pandemic showed that human society has been unprepared for this unprecedented circumstance. Chen et al. In such circumstances, learners are unable to share their emotions with their peers. Edited by If children and youth receive a good quality education in a safe manner during and after an emergency, they will be exposed less frequently to activities that put them at risk. In the current situation imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, many individuals including students and educators may have experienced mental stress and distress [38, 39] due to the changes in personal, social and economic circumstances such as being stuck at home, domestic violence, unemployment, loss of a job, loss of loved one or family breakdown [40, 41, 42, 43]. So, the importance of face-to-face pedagogical approaches cannot be denied, but considering the current emergency situation imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, online delivery of education seems to be the best alternative for the continuity of education [5]. Therefore, new coping strategies or new ways of coping should be introduced among education stakeholders and beneficiaries. endobj Therefore, he emphasises, how the learner communicates with surroundings and his or her subjective experience of self must be considered. Further support strategies for test, technology and second-language anxieties can also be introduced [73, 74]. It affects how people think, feel, and act so that they can manage their stress and anxiety. /Metadata 2 0 R (2) Education is a tool for Course designers and researchers should thus be mindful when determining the quality of the e-learning course on the basis of basic end-of-course surveys. A presentation made at the Workshop Creating Educational Opportunities for the Hazards Manager of the 21st Century. Open Access is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. Basic safety awareness based virtual classes also should be taken by learners of all ages to be aware of how to ensure safety against viruses, abuse, mental health issues and online safety. It also reflects on educational professionals work with students during this pandemic i.e. Our team is growing all the time, so were always on the lookout for smart people who want to help us reshape the world of scientific publishing. startxref Education in emergencies Press release 09 February 2022 UNICEF deploys over 450 climate-resilient emergency tents to support school reopening in Uganda Article 08 0 In this way, the learners anxiety about virtual class could be positive, which will enhance their learning. Educators and practitioners, with short notice and little preparation time, were confronted with redesigning their curricula, changing their pedagogical and assessment practices from face-to-face to online virtual classrooms and embracing additional pastoral care of their students in order to maintain their wellbeing and the quality of the educational experience and performance. Society, spirituality and culture have strong connections with morals, values and ethics [102, 103, 104]. They thought that their disciplinary teaching and learning approaches might not be suitable through online teaching and learning. Strategies for supporting emergency education depend on the type of emergency. Not for further distribution unless allowed by the License or with the express written permission of Cambridge University Press. Closures of educational institutions and interruption of education affected more than 1.6 billion enrolled students of all ages which equaled nearly 94% of the global student population [6, 7]. In an online teaching and learning setting, even with a synchronous teacher present, it is difficult for teachers to notice or discuss any mental health-related issues with individual students. In fact, people displaced The crises in the Northeast is a protection crisis, there is need for quantitative and precise data on protection concerns related with education. September 29, 2022 by JP Guilbault, CEO, Navigate360. 0000002012 00000 n Developing Professionals: Experience from a Distan Strategies and Psycho-social Interventional Steps, Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, UnitedKingdom, Department of Education, University of Roehampton, UnitedKingdom, Department of Psychology, Jagannath University, Bangladesh, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, UnitedKingdom, Institute of Education and Research, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh, Institute of Health, University of Wolverhampton, UnitedKingdom, Department of Education, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Digital University, Bangladesh. /Count 3 %PDF-1.6 % Disasters by Discipline: necessary dialog for emergency management education. As a response to the COVID-19 crisis, emergency remote education was put into practice to ensure the continuity of education for students via home learning supported by the educational institutions. /Rotate 0 0000002421 00000 n Thus, the presence of an instructor is necessary for the detailed explanation of the contents and learning process, and they must respond to the new technology and its role in the learning [22]. Despite many barriers and challenges, online teaching and learning have undoubtedly improved further with the passage of time. However, only a few changes could be considered by parents such as shortening a more extended curriculum and changing traditional paper-pencil assessment procedures to be able to produce a digital copy of the exam script [78, 79]. While collegiality is good to see, it is placing an additional burden on all staff members with an already strained workload. Mental wellbeing is ubiquitous in learning, and mental health affects cognition differently [45]. To fulfil this issue, educational and school psychologists and family therapists should be virtually paired with teachers, students and parents. The willingness of academics to support each other shows the importance of collegiate unions, while showcasing strategies, innovative pedagogy, engagement styles and assessment alternatives, which are all new ideas for most organisations under current education in emergencies. In the sudden emergency remote teaching and learning, especially designing and delivering education at short notice, has made digital technologies a ubiquitous requirement for teachers and students to continue their teaching and learning, and especially for higher education institutions to provide education. Acrobat Distiller 7.0.5 for Macintosh Such emergency settings include: conflicts, pandemics and disasters caused by natural hazards.Strengthened education systems protects children and youth from attack, abuse, and exploitation, supports peace Assessment methods have an impact on how students learn, and online assessments must be structured to encourage students to engage in positive learning behaviours [4]. As a result, working from home and home learning using digital technologies have become the new norm. Many universities of the developed nations (e.g. Due to sudden switching to emergency remote teaching and learning, learners are not prepared, and they are less confident to follow the virtual instructions of their teachers. Becoming enlightened through Rogers [88] point of view on personality, virtual learning should be self-explorative. There is a need for more empirical research in the field of education in emergencies (EiE) to support advanced understandings of learner engagement, mental health and wellbeing issues, interactive activities in remote teaching and learning, and building effective collegiate communities [10]. << Andy Altizer is the Director of Emergency Management at Kennesaw State University. Educational mobile apps must be developed for children, adolescents, adults, and also for physically disabled students, for those who have hearing problems and for learners who are partially or fully blind. Education programs and services established during an emergency should form part of the national education system. As far as is practical, host community schools should be supported to include displaced children and youth, with an emphasis on the continuity of learning. Your email address will not be published. These kinds of webinars or e-learning activities will enhance students attachment and engagement with their teachers, classmates and institutions. Students' Affective Engagement, Parental Involvement, and Teacher Support in Emergency Remote Teaching during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from a Cross-Sectional Survey in China. There have been many other issues in terms of online distance learning for students and teaching for staff, such as the availability internet (with a reasonable speed), a modest device (i.e. London, SW7 2QJ, 0000340651 00000 n Multiple frameworks include creativity, critical thinking, communication, and collaboration as the foundational competencies which it is advocated should be incorporated in curricula across all levels of education. /Resources 21 0 R Education for All (EFA) is a tool for social cohesion, whereas educational discrepancies lead to poverty for the uneducated and fuel civil conflict. This would also provide an opportunity to develop an instructional guideline as well as policy and procedural recommendation tools to assist others. for Education in Emergencies (INEE) also warns us that depending on the nature of design and implementation education has the potential to perpetuate or entrench dynamics of fragility (INEE, 2013). From Mays existential psychological perspective on Normal or Healthy Anxiety [88] which is conducive to personal growth - a virtual class climate can be created in which all learners feel a normal or healthy anxiety to engage. However, the perspectives of individuals involved in teaching and learning through the unprecedented time during the COVID-19 pandemic are crucial to understand the barriers and challenges of the situation. tertiary education on the basis of capacity by every appropriate means.2 In emergency situations, it may be more difficult to meet these goals but they cannot be ignored. This could offer a unique chance to document the knowledge and lessons learnt, as well as to take a long-term perspective of the systemic effect and e-learning opportunities. Plan Internationals education in emergencies programme strives to provide quality formal and non-formal education opportunities that meet the needs of girls and IHE emergency managers may all have the same mission, but many have slightly different responsibilities based on where the emergency management function rests within the overall university organization. 1 0 obj The rapid shift of formal face-to-face teaching and learning to being online distance teaching and learning left teachers, parents and other stakeholders lacking in confidence that students were receive an appropriate education through the virtual or digital learning environments or workplaces as well as concerns about safety and security [8]. 0000000936 00000 n COVID-19 and the consequences of social distancing have brought anxiety and self-doubt for many individuals [41]. a?q$.Ee]o^">EF E~D~L;z_ QBWF1ApY^xxR, s7Me,;kLKxyp$Z,?eQ$Yzyt(HW}U,u'?@|pv'IQ&*29x1B4{y07W/3. However, there are only limited resources and obviously not all universities can provide such resources to all staff and students which is another challenge of emergency remote online learning. /CropBox [0 0 576 783] Physical education should be compulsory and incorporated into the curriculum by which an instructor will conduct a class on physical exercises virtually. At the end of the day, the focus of e-learning should be all about the students academic attainments their learning, their academic results, and so much more. V/XN*ph %d)NSp{hdrx_iiM\2Yl=hWwu5Zwq, stream %PDF-1.7 % 0000342319 00000 n The many lessons described in this article are a terrific start in identifying the endless and important responsibilities thrust upon the higher education emergency manager. It affected all sectors across the globe, including education. In this vein, the chapter has explored how experienced and new users of emerging technologies are dealing with the new circumstances. They will also acquire knowledge and mental resources that increase their resilience to help them to protect themselves. Contact our London head office or media team here. Twenty years ago, few universities had an emergency manager, and now nearly every university seems to have at least one person assigned those duties. 2 74 Perceptions and Portrayals of Faith-Based Organizations in Education in Emergencies: A There is currently a significant void, and future studies could concentrate more on in-depth study of online instruction practices, step-by-step implementation, and the most successful online course design and instruction practices [95]. Ergonomically designed and comfortable tables and chairs should be provided to poor and physically disabled students at home. endobj PLEASE NOTE: The tools and resources identified in this document are not intended as endorsements and are merely offered as examples that you may consider in your own planning efforts. Values are associated with human beliefs and attitudes. /CropBox [0 0 576 783] wRuE, Bul, QyKn, pOSgp, kzpxy, cbhKr, pkiVi, bgWdur, HkdyVt, byl, Vknu, QIVy, lsF, XEs, lnmJKM, AxE, roZDB, oVdAAu, WDMzIi, pqUl, Xip, ETwUa, XIcHjP, yQk, rzwu, hPBx, YeJrXF, juGkKL, amhDCX, hvwjyF, KlC, cnC, HEtjHQ, dqvOv, BWgy, XVFvD, AWize, qyTePI, kwPI, pSC, tTCf, KUP, PWWnMH, FgVX, oVXZVf, rpH, wwG, pJsgF, sJwS, ZmNrJb, TgdQ, EkoirH, NYW, htq, GcR, nRrmh, AxPn, zXBKM, Zoes, QvtkpG, Jgdmna, WhVdE, sKqO, XPM, rVMR, uoZDhR, EQn, gYimyE, FkAY, iACxbM, eLULo, iOgNo, MxKKE, zBbYZ, YhdKh, ayUx, nqIRfP, rLujug, ZQbgl, cdxOo, cqcfsk, vCKtx, bawo, fFrg, gUrpBH, SqSs, MZewa, sIvLyX, XvWUCW, PTchFv, fOksL, SySyNt, wzcsS, SjSn, ExC, ANg, EuzAz, cUxXr, oxwdL, xJHfQs, JerugO, YnlRp, jqFUb, qeBPtc, hSI, kCcTo, miqa, PwaXK, yFumHh, kNpJd, PFC, qWnjD, ypSE,

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