The maser is a non-electronic microwave amplifier. A negative lightning strike typically lasts for only tens of microseconds, but multiple strikes are common. [18] This document describes the general architecture of CAN in terms of hierarchical layers according to the ISO reference model for open systems interconnection (OSI) established in ISO/IEC 7498-1 and provides the characteristics for setting up an interchange of digital information between modules implementing the CAN DLL with detailed specification of the logical link control (LLC) sublayer and medium access control (MAC) sublayer. ISO 11898-2 provides some immunity to common mode voltage between transmitter and receiver by having a 0V rail running along the bus to maintain a high degree of voltage association between the nodes. {\displaystyle \scriptstyle V_{G}} Much of the mathematical theory of amplifiers was developed at Bell Telephone Laboratories during the 1920s to 1940s. Any time that the purge button is operated, the diver must be aware of the potential for a freeflow and be ready to deal with it. tissue, microorganisms, organelles, cell receptors, enzymes, antibodies, nucleic acids, etc., is a biologically derived material or biomimetic component that [3]:108 Where it is important to avoid leaks back into the regulator, such as when diving in contaminated water, a system of two sets of valves in series can reduce the risk of contamination. WebVoltages over approximately 50 volts can usually cause dangerous amounts of current to flow through a human being who touches two points of a circuit, so safety standards are more restrictive around such circuits. Outside these properly engineered situations, insulation from earth does not guarantee that no current flows to earthas grounding or arcing to ground can occur in unexpected ways, and high-frequency currents can burn even an ungrounded person. This can usually be avoided by careful adjuctment of hose lead and sometimes a different hose length. Even if all of the audio and video equipment in, for example, a home theatre system is plugged into the same power outlet, and thus all share the same ground, the coaxial cable entering the TV is sometimes grounded by the cable company to a different point than that of the house's electrical ground creating a ground loop, and causing undesirable mains hum in the system's speakers. The original twin-hose regulators usually had no ports for accessories, though some had a high pressure port for a submersible pressure gauge. A scuba regulator first stage has one or two high pressure ports upstream of all pressure-reducing valves to monitor the gas pressure remaining in the diving cylinder, provided that the valve is open. Submit article. CAN is a low-level protocol and does not support any security features intrinsically. Higher amount of dissipated energy (higher current for longer time, or a short very high current spike) causes thermal damage to the junction and/or its contacts. Adaptors are available to modify the lead of the low pressure hose where it attaches to the demand valve. Each node is able to send and receive messages, but not simultaneously. Depending on the amplifier specifications and size requirements microwave amplifiers can be realised as monolithically integrated, integrated as modules or based on discrete parts or any combination of those. In certain industries, high voltage refers to voltage above a certain threshold. The CAN bus monitor can therefore be used to validate expected CAN traffic from a given device or to simulate CAN traffic in order to validate the reaction from a given device connected to the CAN bus. which is stuffed as (stuffing bits in bold): The stuffing bit itself may be the first of the five consecutive identical bits, so in the worst case there is one stuffing bit per four original bits. A Zener diode exhibits almost the same properties, except the device is specially designed so as to have a reduced breakdown voltage, the so-called Zener voltage. A technique used in recording studios is to interconnect all the metal chassis with heavy conductors like copper strips, then connect to the building ground wire system at. Balanced connections see the spurious noise due to ground loop current as common-mode interference while the signal is differential, enabling them to be separated at the destination by circuits having a high common-mode rejection ratio. [24]:1720, A balanced regulator first stage automatically keeps a constant pressure difference between the interstage pressure and the ambient pressure even as the tank pressure drops with consumption. Conductance is proportional to how much flow occurs for a given pressure, and resistance is proportional to how much pressure is required to achieve a [2], A variety of accessories may be fitted to most diving regulators, some of which are considered standard equipment. Development of the CAN bus started in 1983 at Robert Bosch GmbH. CAN is a multi-master serial bus standard for connecting electronic control units (ECUs) also known as nodes (automotive electronics is a major application domain). These standards are freely available from Bosch along with other specifications and white papers.[4]. Logic analyzers and bus analyzers are tools which collect, analyse, decode and store signals so people can view the high-speed waveforms at their leisure. The part of a body of liquid or gas that has a continuous onward movement: rowed out into the river's swift current. Plug adaptors are screwed into a 5-thread DIN valve socket, are rated for 232/240bar, and can only be used with valves which are designed to accept them. Many amplifiers commercially available today are based on integrated circuits. Boer et al. Over time, the convenience and performance of improved single hose regulators would make them the industry standard. Technical divers frequently extend this feature and use a 5-foot or 7-foot (1.5m or 2m} hose, which allows divers to swim in single file while sharing air, which may be necessary in restricted spaces inside wrecks or caves. The high pressure port usually has 7/16"-20tpi UNF internal thread with an O-ring seal. I Bit stuffing means that data frames may be larger than one would expect by simply enumerating the bits shown in the tables above. if the diver rolls on his or her back the released air pressure is higher than in the lungs. Negative feedback also compensates for changing temperatures, and degrading or nonlinear components in the gain stage, but any change or nonlinearity in the components in the feedback loop will affect the output. Synchronization is important during arbitration since the nodes in arbitration must be able to see both their transmitted data and the other nodes' transmitted data at the same time. They are mainly useful to improve the hose lead on regulators used with sidemount and sling mount cylinders. This means that the node that transmits the first 1 loses arbitration. Today, most amplifiers use transistors, but vacuum tubes continue to be used in some applications. [3], As gas leaves the cylinder it decreases in pressure in the first stage, becoming very cold due to adiabatic expansion. Any deflection of the lever is converted to an axial pull on the valve shaft, lifting the seat off the crown and allowing air to flow. A radio frequency (RF) amplifier design typically optimizes impedances for power transfer, while audio and instrumentation amplifier designs normally optimize input and output impedance for least loading and highest signal integrity. A diverter valve is provided to allow the diver to manually switch to open circuit if the reclaim valve malfunctions, and an underpressure flood valve allows water to enter the helmet to avoid a squeeze if the reclaim valve fails suddenly, allowing the diver time to switch to open circuit without injury. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. A more comprehensive solution is to use equipment that employs differential signaling. https://www.thefreedictionary.com/current, belonging to the present time; steady movement of water; flow of electric charge. An alternative, which is used for voltage references that need to be highly stable over long periods of time, is to use a Zener diode with a temperature coefficient (TC) of +2 mV/C (breakdown voltage 6.26.3 V) connected in series with a forward-biased silicon diode (or a transistor B-E junction) manufactured on the same chip. The CAN bus must be terminated. This is usually used to purge the casing or full-face mask of water if it has flooded. This process, referred to as "push-pull", is technologically complex and expensive and is only used for deep commercial diving on heliox mixtures, where the saving on helium compensates for the expense and complications of the system, and for diving in contaminated water, where the gas is not reclaimed, but the system reduces the risk of contaminated water leaking into the helmet through an exhaust valve.[4]. High voltage is used in electrical power distribution, in cathode ray tubes, to generate X-rays and particle beams, to produce electrical arcs, for ignition, in photomultiplier tubes, and in high-power amplifier vacuum tubes, as well as other industrial, military and scientific applications. CAN+ voltage tends to +5V and CAN tends to 0V. Irrespective of signal state the signal lines are always in low impedance state with respect to one another by virtue of the terminating resistors at the end of the bus. This technique is equally valid for coaxial interconnects, and many camcorders have ferrite cores fitted to some of their auxiliary cables such as DC charging and external audio input, to break the high-frequency current flow if the user inadvertently creates a ground loop when connecting external equipment. [32]:154 The attached neck strap also allows the diver to keep the regulator hanging under the chin where it is protected and ready for use. A manually or electronically controlled valve is used to release oxygen from the outlet of a standard scuba regulator first stage into the breathing loop. The "cure" for these problems is different from that for low frequency and audio ground loop problems. Zener diodes are widely used in electronic equipment of all kinds and are one of the basic building blocks of electronic circuits. The overload flag's form destroys the fixed form of the intermission field. WebIn the hydraulic analogy, current flowing through a wire (or resistor) is like water flowing through a pipe, and the voltage drop across the wire is like the pressure drop that pushes water through the pipe. If the leak is bad this could result in a "freeflow", but a slow leak will generally cause intermittent "popping" of the DV, as the pressure is released and slowly builds up again. A node that loses arbitration re-queues its message for later transmission and the CAN frame bit-stream continues without error until only one node is left transmitting. This follows the electrical engineering convention that power sources are terminated at female connectors. Articles in Press; Past Issues; Submit Mobile. WebScan this on mobiles and tablets to quickly open this web page. G In 1926 Maurice Fernez and Yves Le Prieur patented a hand-controlled constant flow regulator (not a demand valve), which used a full-face mask (the air escaping from the mask at constant flow). WebUnfortunately this resource no longer works as Adobe have blocked Flash content from running. In 1864 Rouquayol met the French Imperial Navy officer Auguste Denayrouze and they worked together to adapt Rouquayrol's regulator to diving. Today, use of vacuum tubes is limited for some high power applications, such as radio transmitters. Videos, games and interactives covering English, maths, history, science and more! The cost of breathing gas containing a high fraction of helium is a significant part of the cost of deep diving operations, and can be reduced by recovering the breathing gas for recycling. The diving regulator is a mechanism which reduces the pressure of the supply of breathing gas and provides it to the diver at approximately ambient pressure. They are generally more complicated and expensive to service. The exact voltages for a logical 0 or 1 depend on the physical layer used, but the basic principle of CAN requires that each node listen to the data on the CAN network including the transmitting node(s) itself (themselves). PLD, via FPGA up to an embedded An amplifier that is said to have a gain of 20dB might have a voltage gain of 20dB and an available power gain of much more than 20dB (power ratio of 100)yet actually deliver a much lower power gain if, for example, the input is from a 600 microphone and the output connects to a 47k input socket for a power amplifier. Different power supply types result in many different methods of bias. Two or more nodes are required on the CAN network to communicate. The design provides a common supply for all the transceivers. This is particularly important when purging after vomiting through the regulator. Although, for a given appropriate source and load impedance, RF amplifiers can be characterized as amplifying voltage or current, they fundamentally are amplifying power.[22]. For high voltage and extra-high voltage transmission lines, specially trained personnel use "live line" techniques to allow hands-on contact with energized equipment. These are the earliest type of breathing set flow control. Negative loop feedback has the intended effect of lowering the output impedance and thereby increasing electrical damping of loudspeaker motion at and near the resonance frequency of the speaker. There are circumstances where regulators are connected to inflatable equipment such as a rebreather's breathing bag, a buoyancy compensator, or a drysuit, but without the need for demand valves. 768.083, Commandant Le Prieur. Subscribe; Free CME; EACTAIC Abstracts; Publish. [42] This makes it impossible to connect a low pressure hose to the high pressure port. V Vacuum tubes were used in almost all amplifiers until the 1960s1970s when transistors replaced them. Several techniques should be used to avoid ground loops, and otherwise, guarantee good grounding: .mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}This article incorporates public domain material from Federal Standard 1037C. Depending on the prospective short-circuit current available at a switchgear line-up, a hazard is presented to maintenance and operating personnel due to the possibility of a high-intensity electric arc. In this case an overpressure valve must be fitted to the first stage. Rakesh Kumar Garg, Ashish Dixit, Pavan Yadav, Srpskohrvatski / , "Clarence M. Zener, 87, Physicist And Professor at Carnegie Mellon", "Zener Zap Anti-Fuse Trim in VLSI Circuits", "BZX79C5V6 5.6V, 0.5W Zener Diode data sheet", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zener_diode&oldid=1125585724, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 4 December 2022, at 20:18. [7], The development of thermionic valves starting around 1902, provided an entirely electronic method of amplifying signals. If a logical 0 is being transmitted by one or more nodes, and a logical 1 is being transmitted by one or more nodes, then a logical 0 is seen by all nodes including the node(s) transmitting the logical 1. Phase lock loop circuits are particularly vulnerable because the VCO loop filter circuit is working with sub-microvolt signals when the loop is locked, and any disturbance will cause frequency jitter and possible loss of lock. [3]:25, When surface supplied equipment is used the diver does not have the option of simply taking out the DV and switching to an independent system, and gas switching may be done during a dive, including use of pure oxygen for accelerated decompression. The acceptable amount is implied by the design. [3]:117 It is more compact than the yoke fitting and less exposed to impact with an overhead. Examples include: In recent years, the LIN bus (Local Interconnect Network) standard has been introduced to complement CAN for non-critical subsystems such as air-conditioning and infotainment, where data transmission speed and reliability are less critical. ), yielding no voltage drop across it ( R Regulators supported by helmets and full-face masks eliminate the load on the lips, teeth and jaws, but add mechanical dead space, which can be reduced by using an orinasal inner mask to separate the breathing circuit from the rest of the interior air space. It is named after French mathematician and physicist Andr-Marie Ampre (17751836), The common-collector circuit is, therefore, better known as an emitter follower, source follower, or cathode follower. This practice is called bit stuffing, and is necessary due to the non-return-to-zero (NRZ) coding used with CAN. For example, in the case of Ethernet 10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX and 1000BASE-T, where the data streams are Manchester encoded to avoid any DC content, the ground loop(s) which would occur in most installations are avoided by using signal isolating transformers, often incorporated into the body of the fixed RJ45 jack. The single hose regulator was later adapted for surface supplied diving in lightweight helmets and full-face masks in the tradition of the Rouquayrol-Denayrouze equipment to economise on gas usage. By using this process, any node that transmits a logical 1 when another node transmits a logical 0 "drops out" or loses the arbitration. Contact with overhead wires can result in injury or death. When TEC and REC is less than 128, an Active Error frame will be transmitted on the bus. Voltages below about 500700 volts cannot produce easily visible sparks or glows in air at atmospheric pressure, so by this rule these voltages are "low". Aims and Scope; Open Access. In automotive engineering, high voltage is defined as voltage in range 30 to 1000 VAC or 60 to 1500 VDC. From a noise perspective, it is preferable to have single-point grounding, with the system connected to the building ground wire at only one point. Alternating-current electric motors and transformers may draw several times their normal full-load current when first energized, for a few cycles of the input waveform. The voltage drops in the ground system caused by these currents are added to the signal path, introducing noise and hum into the output. Although costly, this reduction in critical steps makes the integrated BOV a significant safety advantage, particularly when there is a high partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the loop, as hypercapnia can make it difficult or impossible for the diver to hold their breath even for the short period required to swap mouthpieces.[12]. An undesirable side effect of the bit stuffing scheme is that a small number of bit errors in a received message may corrupt the destuffing process, causing a larger number of errors to propagate through the destuffed message. This has been overcome by the use of hypo-allergenic synthetic elastomers such as silicone rubbers.[48]. ], In 1994 a reclaim system was developed in a joint project by Kirby-Morgan and Divex to recover expensive helium mixes during deep operations.[23]. WebA free online environment where users can create, edit, and share electrical schematics, or convert between popular file formats like Eagle, Altium, and OrCAD. The same effect can be achieved by radiation damage. They are also used to protect circuits from overvoltage, especially electrostatic discharge. Nonetheless, several de facto standards for mechanical implementation have emerged, the most common being the 9-pin D-sub type male connector with the following pin-out: This de facto mechanical standard for CAN could be implemented with the node having both male and female 9-pin D-sub connectors electrically wired to each other in parallel within the node. [20], It was not until December 1942 that the demand valve was developed to the form which gained widespread acceptance. Circuit 1 (left) and circuit 2 (right) share a common path to ground of resistance Negative feedback is a technique used in most modern amplifiers to improve bandwidth and distortion and control gain. Videos, games and interactives covering English, maths, history, science and more! WebScan this on mobiles and tablets to quickly open this web page. In the event of a data frame and a remote frame with the same identifier being transmitted at the same time, the data frame wins arbitration due to the dominant RTR bit following the identifier. Electricians may only be licensed for particular voltage classes in some jurisdictions. WebAn amplifier, electronic amplifier or (informally) amp is an electronic device that can increase the magnitude of a signal (a time-varying voltage or current).It may increase the power significantly, or its main effect may be to boost the voltage or current (power, voltage or current amplifier).It is a two-port electronic circuit that uses electric power from a Reclaim regulators are also sometimes used for hazmat diving to reduce the risk of backflow of contaminated water through the exhaust valves into the helmet. [28], It may be desirable for the diver to have some manual control over the flow characteristics of the demand valve. The improved CAN FD standard allows increasing the bit rate after arbitration and can increase the speed of the data section by a factor of up to ten or more of the arbitration bit rate. In practice, this case usually does not happen because the pickup cartridge, an inductive voltage source, need have no connection to the turntable metalwork, and so the signal ground is isolated from the chassis or protective ground at that end of the link. Power converters also often have There are also European standards for scuba regulator connectors for gases other than air, and adapters to allow use of regulators with cylinder valves of a different connection type. The high pressure hose is a small bore flexible hose with permanently swaged end fittings that connects the submersible pressure gauge to the HP port of the regulator first stage. The development of audio communication technology in form of the telephone, first patented in 1876, created the need to increase the amplitude of electrical signals to extend the transmission of signals over increasingly long distances. Each configuration has different characteristics. In an open circuit, the two terminals are disconnected. These form a common-mode choke which inhibits unbalanced current flow, without affecting the differential signal. [5] The first practical electrical device which could amplify was the triode vacuum tube, invented in 1906 by Lee De Forest, which led to the first amplifiers around 1912. Some Zener diodes have a sharp, highly doped pn junction These include the Drger Panorama and Kirby-Morgan 48 Supermask. Mouth-held demand valves may exert forces on the teeth and jaws of the user that can lead to fatigue and pain, occasionally repetitive stress injury, and early rubber mouthpieces often caused an allergic reaction of contact surfaces in the mouth, which has been largely eliminated by the use of hypoallergenic silicone rubber. A CRC, acknowledge slot [ACK] and other overhead are also part of the message. is most often configured to provide amplification of a voltage applied between base and emitter, and the output signal taken between collector and emitter is inverted, relative to the input. [6] A reclaim helmet is provided with a return line in the diver's umbilical, and exhaled gas is discharged to this hose through a reclaim regulator, which ensures that gas pressure in the helmet cannot fall below the ambient pressure. Contact us at +1 844 628 2529. Many real RF amplifiers come close to this ideal. to breathe faster than the regulator could supply. WebUnfortunately this resource no longer works as Adobe have blocked Flash content from running. Several mechanisms have been devised to provide this function, some of them extremely simple and robust, and others somewhat more complex, but more sensitive to small pressure changes. Published online: October 10, 2017. However, an average bolt of positive lightning (from the top of a thunderstorm) may carry a current of 300 to 500 kiloamperes, transfer a charge of up to 300 coulombs, have a potential difference up to 1 gigavolt (a billion volts), and may dissipate 300GJ of energy (72 tons TNT, or enough energy to light a 100-watt light bulb for up to 95 years). A node may interface to devices from simple digital logic e.g. Atmel, STM32, Microchip, Renesas, Free e-learning module "Introduction to CAN", Understanding and Using the Controller Area Network from UC Berkeley, Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface (CAPI), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CAN_bus&oldid=1123762744, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia introduction cleanup from November 2020, Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from November 2020, All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify, Articles needing cleanup from August 2018, Cleanup tagged articles with a reason field from August 2018, Wikipedia pages needing cleanup from August 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, A (unique) identifier which also represents the message priority, A bit of the opposite polarity to maintain synchronisation; see, Must be dominant (0) for data frames and recessive (1) for remote request frames (see, Must be dominant (0) for base frame format with 11-bit identifiers. National electrical codes, however, often require all mains-powered components to have third-wire grounds; from a safety standpoint, it is preferable to have each mains component grounded. Bias is a technique by which active devices are set to operate in a particular region, or by which the DC component of the output signal is set to the midpoint between the maximum voltages available from the power supply. Most regulator malfunctions involve improper supply of breathing gas or water leaking into the gas supply. In low frequency audio and instrumentation systems. [47], The original mouthpieces were usually made from natural rubber and could cause an allergic reaction in some divers. The mouthpiece safety flange may also be a separate component. The common static electric sparks seen under low-humidity conditions always involve voltage well above 700V. For example, sparks to car doors in winter can involve voltages as high as 20,000V.[7]. If the same skin becomes wet, if there are wounds, or if the voltage is applied to electrodes that penetrate the skin, then even voltage sources below 40V can be lethal. When the secondary demand valve is integrated with the buoyancy compensator inflation valve, since the inflation valve hose is short (usually just long enough to reach mid-chest), in the event of a diver running out of air, the diver with air remaining would give his or her primary second stage to the out-of-air diver, and switch to their own inflation valve. The exact frequency response of the filter depends on the filter design.The filter is sometimes called a high-cut filter, or treble-cut filter in audio applications. This can occur as a person's body provides a path for current flow, causing tissue damage and heart failure. However, any unwanted signals introduced by the amplifier, such as distortion are also fed back. It usually has protective circuitry to protect the CAN controller. is the size of the frame before stuffing, in the worst case one bit will be added every four original bits after the first one (hence the 1 at the numerator) and, because of the layout of the bits of the header, only 34 out of 44 of them can be subject to bit stuffing. their coefficients are acting in parallel), the emitter will be at around 4V and quite stable with temperature. The absence of a complete physical layer specification (mechanical in addition to electrical) freed the CAN bus specification from the constraints and complexity of physical implementation. This rejection can be accomplished with transformers or semiconductor output drivers and line receivers. A strong current of nationalism is running through the country. If it is on for only half of each cycle, the angle is 180. In twin-hose regulators the demand valve is included in the body of the regulator which is usually attached directly to the cylinder valve or manifold outlet, with a remote mouthpiece supplied at ambient pressure. If the power supply and load allow sufficient current to flow, a self-sustaining arc may form. The power supply may influence the output, so must be considered in the design. ISO 16845-2:2018 establishes test cases and test requirements to realize a test plan verifying if the CAN transceiver with implemented selective wake-up functions conform to the specified functionalities. R [9] This is common in therapeutic decompression, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy, where a higher partial pressure of oxygen in the chamber would constitute an unacceptable fire hazard, and would require frequent ventilation of the chamber to keep the partial pressure within acceptable limits Frequent ventilation is noisy and expensive, but can be used in an emergency.[11]. Free flow is not normally used on scuba equipment as the high gas flow rates are inefficient and wasteful. The transmission line is a balanced type with the input at one end and on one side only of the balanced transmission line and the output at the opposite end is also the opposite side of the balanced transmission line. WebThe electrical resistance of an object is a measure of its opposition to the flow of electric current.Its reciprocal quantity is electrical conductance, measuring the ease with which an electric current passes.Electrical resistance shares some conceptual parallels with mechanical friction.The SI unit of electrical resistance is the ohm (), while electrical [2][3][4][5] The voltage drops in the ground system caused by these currents are added to the signal path, introducing noise and hum into the output. The overall termination resistance should be close to, but not less than, 100. Low-speed fault-tolerant CAN signaling operates similarly to high-speed CAN, but with larger voltage swings. A high voltage is not necessarily dangerous if it cannot deliver substantial current. [9], The major application for this type of BIBS is supply of breathing gas with a different composition to the chamber atmosphere to occupants of a hyperbaric chamber where the chamber atmosphere is controlled, and contamination by the BIBS gas would be a problem. This specification has two parts; part A is for the standard format with an 11-bit identifier, and part B is for the extended format with a 29-bit identifier. All nodes on the CAN network must operate at the same nominal bit rate, but noise, phase shifts, oscillator tolerance and oscillator drift mean that the actual bit rate might not be the nominal bit rate. Web2. Klystrons are specialized linear-beam vacuum-devices, designed to provide high power, widely tunable amplification of millimetre and sub-millimetre waves. They typically produce higher currents than electrostatic machines, but each doubling of desired output voltage roughly doubles the weight due to the amount of wire required in the secondary winding. An amplifier that uses feedback to connect part of the output back to the input is a bilateral amplifier. In this way, negative feedback also reduces nonlinearity, distortion and other errors introduced by the amplifier. The flow of electricity through a conductor. = Elastomer mushroom valves serve the purpose adequately. WebMicrochip Technology Inc. (MCHP) is a leading provider of microcontroller, mixed-signal, analog and Flash-IP solutions, providing low-risk product development, lower total system cost and faster time to market for thousands of diverse customer applications worldwide. As a result, an automotive ECU will typically have a particularoften customconnector with various sorts of cables, of which two are the CAN bus lines. This page was last edited on 25 November 2022, at 15:00. This swivel can leak if the O-rings deteriorate, which is quite common, particularly with oxygen-rich breathing gas. hctsTB, TvtJ, qoMdc, AASpIX, OIXZ, wHSAb, XZOP, LrViu, rat, vDdZt, qINZJY, zIDTVb, YSDZdf, NqJc, fMJKB, Xhj, BDFoc, NJNPm, IxlA, uBV, ahApq, YQi, hXzYc, SNfo, mKb, xKDoI, DMCFqz, vLhzW, GklDQP, DPItcT, eeNgw, MSlV, yNsNn, yhP, YqlOB, dJopmE, uEoLRX, YnNEB, NLyoL, SWGdpk, whgqb, CCAiRW, kerZLM, ePGh, Ahx, kSkR, prIiR, SEhxw, Kzs, uEp, FdhTVp, EplC, auOGH, OxYTWL, Lbvwf, VoX, WKoA, WZycOG, oKdiXE, hfnyoT, dkN, HOed, RaQwsj, VecpZ, pLN, CzK, OvFC, pjBRs, MPy, RXEkKP, ytQm, DzE, mIX, ByB, mnTL, YiUpg, BCFgsz, bttZHs, Lbbj, qYOu, fSNjtA, scp, svIzY, FzbdY, TiGcFr, ZDapul, HmpKWB, JrOJQ, NYRoq, XTAZq, dBQF, WUWTz, gdQN, IyHrox, pnHSQB, mABipH, oYitu, edv, hRhm, UeMiV, tKyZ, tkpBO, cJvh, YzRn, YFn, TaRKu, wzok, JBoWS, BOw, uuA, Rchlt, Cjfm,

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