In the next section, we discuss the materials and methods used. Most PPE including face shields and transparent barriers are made of polyethylene, . This is the reason why researchers are working to develop methods to break down plastics in an environmentally friendly degradation. CAS ADS Exposure to UV-B light initiates MB molecule degradation and significantly enhances MB bleaching process. PubMed Pranamuda et al. 2022 Sep 30;27(19):6450. doi: 10.3390/molecules27196450. Plastic samples were collected in November 2019 at the municipal landfill in Hradany (Perov district, Czech Republic). Biosyst Eng 88:131143. 11(3), 267274 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2011.05.005, Gajendiran A, Krishnamoorthy S, Abraham J (2016) Microbial degradation of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) by Aspergillus Clavatus strain JASK1 isolated from landfill soil. Pure Appl Chem 71:21772188, Mukherjee S, Roy Chowdhuri U, Kundu PP (2016) Bio-degradation of polyethylene waste by simultaneous use of two bacteria, Bacillus licheniformis for production of bio-surfactant and Lysinibacillus fusiformis for biodegradation. Sci. Article Similarly, by SEM analysis, erosion, pit formation, and cavities were clearly visible on the surface of the cyanobacteria (Phormidium lucidum and Oscillatoria subbrevis) treated LDPE sheets33. It is clear that the vast majority of double-bonded hydrocarbons were present in all samples from the organic matter around the surface of HDPE, with only the sample containing the Jonesia denitrificans comprising more alkanes. The first draft of the manuscript was written by RK and IK and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. However, not much is known about the degradation of plastics stored in landfills over a long period of time. These species were selected because they are considered to play an important role in decomposition. Environ Microbiol 18:14031414. [45] showed the presence of 1-trimethylsilylmethanol, 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene, ethyl-3,5-dimethylbenzene, hexadecanoic acid, 1,4-dimethyl-2-ethylbenzene or 1,2,3,4-tetramethylbenzene. 10). This is a hitherto report on the biodegradation of LDPE sheet by the microalga Uronema africanum Borge. All data sets presented in this study are included in the published article. [31] synthesized TiO2-FeSt3 ferric stearate-polyethylene (TFPE) composite film and studied photo-degradation by treating UV irradiation for 240h and/or thermo-degradation at 70C for 30d. FTIR spectroscopy confirms the formation of carbonyl and hydroxyl group which assist in biodegradation of PE films. Thirty two species were isolated from both sampling points. Based on the light microscopy, dark field microscopy, GCMS, FT-IR, SEM and AFM results, it was found that the microalga can initiate degradation of low-density polyethylene in 30days of incubation. Microbes such as bacteria, fungi and algae are involved in polyethylene degradation in its natural habitat. The extent of degradation was estimated by calculating weight loss and functional group changes on the surface of polymer by FTIR. There is a need for providing concrete and reliable evidence for biodegradation of PE in order to minimize artifacts formed from degradation of additives rather than PE. Therefore, we used two Gram-positive and thermophilic bacteria, called strain ST3 and ST6, which were identified by morphological, biochemical, physiological, and molecular analyses, to assess the growth and biodegradation potential of two different sized (50 and 150 m) polyethylene particles. (A) 10 magnification; (B) 40 magnification and (C) 100 magnification. The groundwater is also contaminated due to hazardous chemicals from the plastic waste in landfills [72]. Mikrobiol. 48(2), 544545 (1979). Biodegrad. Anudurga, G., Krishnamoorthy, S. & Abraham, J. Microbial degradation of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) by Aspergillus clavatus strain JASK1 isolated from landfill soil. 15(2), 177192. Simultaneously, in our study, the occurrence of erosions, abrasions, grooves, and ridges by the microalga U. africanum on the surface of LDPE sheets, were clearly visible by SEM analysis. Aims: Assessment of high-density polyethylene (HDPE)-degrading bacteria isolated from plastic waste dumpsites of Gulf of Mannar. Correspondence to The AFM was controlled using the software version 3.0.1.16 and firmware version 3.1.3.0. [128] used 13C-labeled polymer poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), and investigated biodegradability in the soil. But in this case, a green microalga U. africanum was responsible for the colonization of dumped LDPE sheets. Genus Aspergillus, Bacillus and Brevibacillus were confirmed to be good candidates for Low Density Poly Ethene bio-degradation. Aspergillus clavatus treated LDPE sheet for 90days of incubation in aqueous medium, had shown fractures, erosion and grooves without any prior treatment of the LDPE sheet38. The bar graph showing differences in Area Roughness average (Sa), Roughness peak height (Sp), and Roughness pit height (Sv), comparatively between the control (untreated) and the U. africanum treated LDPE sheets of 5m2 area. Procedia Technol 24:232239. Whereas, in the case of fungi Aspergillus niger and A. clavatus, it was 126days and 90days respectively38,44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.03.012, Shah AA, Hasan F, Hameed A, Ahmed S (2008) biological degradation of plastics: a comprehensive review. Although the biodegradation of PE by bacterial cultures has been occasionally described, valid evidence of PE biodegradation has remained limited in the literature. Biodegradation of high molecular weight polymers are reported in some microbes with the help of extracellular enzymes, which can degrade the main polymeric chain and results in low molecular weight products with modified mechanical properties, which can be easily deal by microbial degradation16,17. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. Chemically, LDPE is inert at room temperature, however, it can be gradually attacked by strong oxidizing agents and some solvents, results in softening or swelling. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, In Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology, Rose RS, Richardson KH, Latvanen EJ, Hanson CA, Resmini M, Sanders IA (2020) Microbial degradation of plastic in aqueous solutions demonstrated by CO2 evolution and quantification. The samples were then cultivated at 30C0.5C for 72h. The suspensions were then cultivated on LB agar (13g of Nutrient Broth and 20g of agar (Oxoid CZ, Brno, Czech Republic) in 1 L of distilled water) and Actinomycete Isolation agar (HiMedia, Brno, Czech Republic) at 300.5C for 48h. Cross streaks of 26selected colonies were made. The whole work was successfully executed by D.K.G. They isolated from soil a thermophilic bacterium Brevibaccillus borstelensis strain, which utilized low-density polyethylene as the sole carbon source and degraded it. FOIA The dry weight loss determined in our study was lower than in most similar studies in recent years [24, 33,34,35]. Environ Sci Technol 49:1208012086, Yang Y, Yang J, Wu W, Zhao J, Song Y, Gao L, Yang R, Jiang L (2015) Biodegradation and mineralization of polystyrene by plastic eating mealworms: part 2. Polym. for providing samples of virgin polyethylene and SUEZ CZ a.s. for assistance in collecting plastic samples from the landfill. J Wood Sci 46:180183, Environmental Statistics Portal (http://stat.me.go.kr), Ministry of Environment of Korea, Republic of Korea. These properties make them suitable for protecting commodities from the environment. government site. Similarly, the secondary products of biodegradation may exhibit economic value rather than incineration and landfill14. In addition, several hundreds of different species from different ecosystems are on the edge of becoming endangered due to the ingestion of this waste [95, 104]. A hydrophobic cell surface (e.g., mycolic acid layer) of this strain may play an important role in biofilm formation on PE surface [38, 101]. Appl Surf Sci 254:18251829, Zheng Y, Yanful EK, Bassi AS (2005) A review of plastic waste biodegradation. Unlike many other forms of degradation, the effects of melt-processing degrades the entire bulk of the polymer, rather than just the surface layers. Environ Dev Sustain 17:731745, Spear LB, Ainley DG, Ribic CA (1995) Incidence of plastic in seabirds from the tropical pacific, 19841991: relation with distribution of species, sex, age, season, year and body weight. Okeke ES, Ejeromedoghene O, Addey CI, Atakpa EO, Bello SF, Ezeorba TPC, Chukwudozie KI, Okoye CO. Heliyon. In addition, 1H-NMR data were used to determine the chemical modifications in the residual polymer from the excreta of PE-fed mealworms, in comparison with bran-fed mealworms. Indian J. Biotechnol. CAS Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in 6318, 195 (1963). Polym Degrad Stab 93:19171922, Sammond DW, Yarbrough JM, Mansfield E, Bomble YJ, Hobdey SE, Decker SR, Taylor LE, Resch MG, Bozell JJ, Himmel ME, Vinzant TB, Crowley MF (2014) Predicting enzyme adsorption to lignin films by calculating enzyme surface hydrophobicity. and JavaScript. Microb Biotechnol 10:13081322, Wilkes RA, Aristilde L (2017) Degradation and metabolism of synthetic plastics and associated products by Pseudomonas sp. Enhanced extracellular secretion of laccases and MnP from B. cereus was observed when the strain was incubated with UV-irradiated PE [102]. bic bacteria belonging to a variety of genera (Kawai 2002). Intriguingly, the configuration of the radial disc-like attachment structure of the microalga was found corresponding to the abrasions on the surface of LDPE sheet at an average size of 2030m in diameter. [30]. Chemosphere 73:429442, Lwanga EH, Thapa B, Yang X, Gertsen H, Salnki T, Geissen V, Garbeva P (2018) Decay of low-density polyethylene by bacteria extracted from earthworms guts: a potential for soil restoration. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.10.059, Mishra UN, Das S, Kandali R (2020) Bioremediation of synthetic polymers: present and future prospects of plastic biodegradation. The cells in the filaments are prominently free and not grouped or clustered with a pointed apical cell. Slov. The Advantages and Disadvantages of HDPE. Microscopic examination outcomes from lactophenol blue staining of Aspergillus fumigatus strain B2, 2, MeSH Biodegradation 12.1 Introduction Polythene or polyethylene is the most commonly used plastic across the world. Number of compounds detected in the medium (blue column) and organic matters around the surface of HDPE (orange column) after degradation with all tested bacterial species. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 20:41464153, Tokiwa Y, Calabia B, Ugwu C, Aiba S (2009) Biodegradability of plastics. All around the world today, different types of plastics are used for packaging materials, especially in form of low density polyethylene (LDPE). Dumped waste carry bag sample and water sample were collected from the Kallukuttai lake, nearby Taramani Railway Station, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India on 28th December 2018. Degradation of polyethylene can be classified as abiotic or biotic, the former being defined as deterioration caused by environmental factors such as temperature, UV irradiation, while the latter is defined as biodegradation caused by the action of microorganisms that modify and consume the polymer leading to changes in its properties. CIB Tech. CAS c has a simple conidiophore terminated by flask shaped phialides where spores are produced in chains at the tip end characteristic of genus. Structures of different types of polyethylene, Statistics on the treatment of waste vinyl from agriculture (Top) and types of agricultural waste vinyl (Bottom) in Korea from 2004 to 2017 (adopted from Environmental Statistics Portal [25], Ministry of Environment of Korea, Republic of Korea 2010) (http://stat.me.go.kr), Ministry of Environment of Korea). Comparison of polylactic acid biodegradation ability of Brevibacillus brevis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and promotion of PLA biodegradation by soytone. Enhanced biodegradation of low and high-density polyethylene by novel bacterial consortia formulated from plastic-contaminated cow dung under thermophilic conditions. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2010.10.012, Pathak VM (2017) Navneet review on the current status of polymer degradation: a microbial approach. Rev Environ Health 28:18, Novotn , Malachova K, Adamusc G, Kwiecie M, Lotti N, Soccio M, Verney V, Fava F (2018) Deterioration of irradiation/high-temperature pretreated, linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. stimulate enzymatic hydrolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) when expressed as fusion proteins. Therefore, these biodegradable plastics have not attained widespread attention globally18. 4, we discuss our results with those of other authors. The HDPE degradation gradually increased from 9.40.1 to 20.80.1% between the physico-chemical and biological treatments, indicating synergism between biotic and abiotic factors for HDPE degradation byA. terreusMF12 [9]. According to the researchers, previous studies showed no signs of deterioration could be observed in a polyethylene sheet that had been incubated in moist soil for 12years and only partial degradation was observed in a polyethylene film buried in soil for 32years. : ON518098, ON515459, ON514628, ON514627, ON514623, ON514621, ON514615 and ON514594. Biodegrad. Oxidation of PE with nitric acid has been known to promote fragmentation of PE films followed by microbial degradation [68]. TiO2 is an ecofriendly photocatalyst that absorbs light in the UV region. All chemicals were used as received without further purification. The degradation of polyethylene leads to the production of various by-products, which depend on the nature and conditions of the degradation process. To improve this degrading capacity through assessment of optimum conditions for microbial activity and enzyme production will enable these findings to be applied commercially and on a larger scale. Therefore, search for a potential remedial measure is necessary in the upcoming future. In this study, we investigated the degradation of green polyethylene by P. ostreatus. Esters of inorganic acids were mainly detected in the medium. Polymers 12:920. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12040920, Moshood TD, Nawanir G, Mahmud F, Mohamad F, Ahmad MH, AbdulGhani A (2022) Sustainability of biodegradable plastics: new problem or solution to solve the global plastic pollution? The genomic sequences are available in GenBank, access No. Marshall, K. C.) 231262 (Plenum Press, 1990). Obviously, there is not one single solution to help with litter and landfill problems. The pretreated PE film was tested for biodegradation and biofilm formation by Rhodococcus ruber (C208). Whereas, Nonane (C9H20), n-Hexadecanoic acid (C16H32O2), Octadecane (C18H38), 9-Eicosene (C20H40), Tricosane (C23H48) and Tetracosane (C24H40) were found obtained in the sample (U. africanum with LDPE sheet) (Fig. Polym Degrad Stab 191:109662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109662, Sangeetha Devi R, Ramya R, Kannan K, Robert Antony A, Rajesh Kannan V (2019) Investigation of biodegradation potentials of high density polyethylene degrading marine bacteria isolated from the coastal regions of Tamil Nadu. The microscopic images showing colonization of microalga Uronema africanum on the surface of LDPE sheet. Mechanism of abiotic and biotic degradation of polyethylene. Materials and methods Study site 16, 623630 (1980). Degradation products are detected, confirming the progressive degradation of the plastic. CAS Plots were generated using the Origin2021b software package (OriginLab Corporation, Northampton, MA, USA). To improve bacterial attack on the particles of polyethylene, an experiment with the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was conducted for 2months at high temperature, with pretreatment enhanced by gamma irradiation. Means with same letters are not significantly different using Fishers Protected Least Significant test at (P<0.05). [38] isolated a biofilm producing Rhodococcus ruber (C208) strain which degraded PE at a rate of 0.86% per week. Int J Mol Sci 21:1176, Article Abstract Exhausted studies on the degradation of polyethylene has been carried out in order to overcome the environmental problems associated . Maximal biodegradation was obtained in combination with photo-oxidation, which showed that carbonyl residues formed by photo-oxidation play a role in biodegradation. 51, 199202 (1968). Resour Conserv Recycl 4:241251, Yamada-Onodera K, Mukumoto H, Katsuyaya Y, Saiganji A, Tani Y (2001) Degradation of polyethylene by a fungus, Penicillium simplicissimum YK. However, complete degradation of plastics is still a void for large-scale . The results are summarized in Table 3. PubMed 15, 16). strain AKS2 stimulated the hydrophobic interaction to form biofilms on polymer surfaces and degraded 51% of the original PE material for 45 d, whereas Tween 80 had an adverse effect to the biofilm formation. 2(3), 385388 (2012). Leja, K. & Lewandowicz, G. Polymer biodegradation and biodegradable. 8(4), 135144 (2017). Environ Sci Pollut Res 23:1073310741. Yang et al. The contents were determined by GCMS NIST (2008). 20, 21), and 25m2 (Figs. Int J Environ Research Public Health 16(11):1941. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16111941, Saratale GD, Saratale RG, Chang JS, Govindwar SP (2011) Fixed-Bed decolorization of reactive blue 172 by Proteus Vulgaris NCIM-2027 immobilized on Luffa Cylindrica Sponge. Polym Degrad Stab 91:14951503, Krueger MC, Harms H, Schlosser D (2015) Prospects for microbiological solutions to environmental pollution with plastics. Cultivation was performed at300.5C for 1624h (LB agar) or 26h (Actinomycete Isolation agar). The present study aims to investigate the biodegrading potentials of bacteria isolated from oil contaminated soil. By using this website, you agree to our [7] reported that HDPE after thermal treatment was degraded by Klebsiella pneumoniae. https://doi.org/10.47277/JETT/9(1)157, Domb AJ, Kost J, Wiseman DM (1997) Handbook of biodegradable polymers; Harwood academic publishers: Amsterdam, ISBN 978-90-5702-153-4, Parada AE, Needham DM, Fuhrman JA (2016) Every base matters: assessing small subunit rrna primers for marine microbiomes with mock communities, time series and global field samples: primers for marine microbiome studies. The researchers goal was to select a polyethylene-degrading micro-organism and study the factors affecting its biodegrading activity. The microorganisms are isolated from plastic wastes deposited in the landfill for 2-3 years and 17 years. After microalgal treatment of LDPE sheet, the culture medium was centrifuged at 5000rpm for 10min. Would you like email updates of new search results? For example, Jeon et al. [124] reported action of a recombinant AH from Pseudomonas sp. FTIR and SEM analysis revealed the presence of carbonyl groups and the creation of holes at the interface, respectively indicating the degradation of the LDPE. Therefore, prior treatment is required before biodegradation, which are sunlight and oxygen treatment induces brittleness and loss of tensile strength which makes the plastic into smaller pieces20. 12). 5 and 6. 3). When polyethylene was biologically treated with Klebsiella pneumoniae CH001, generation of saturated fatty acids and carboxylic acids were confirmed by both GCMS and FT-IR analysis respectively36,37. J Bioremed Biodegrad 3:145, Zan L, Fa W, Wang S (2006) Novel photodegradable low-density polyethylene-TiO2 nanocomposite film. Microbiol. Usha et al. The pipes are affected by acidic or alkaline waters. IJBAR 2(9), 344355 (2011). Cyanobacteria, Phormidium lucidum and Oscillatoria subbrevis have been reported to degrade polyethylene within 6weeks of incubation33. After gold coating, the samples were kept under vacuum to view microscopically by a desktop scanning electron microscope (SEM) (Phenom World Pro) and photographed. 1). 4). Concentration was performed using nitrogen gas and heat as mentioned above [24]. In another study, 1320 oxidized oligomers from PE films before and after biodegradation with R. rhodochrous have been characterized by MS and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy [30]. Google Scholar, Goddard J (2011) A brief history of the development and growth of the corrugated polyethylene pipe industry in North America. Role of gut microorganisms. The central aim of the project is to try to isolate the genes that encode the polystyrene digesting pathway that allows microbes to use polystyrene as their sole carbon source. Similarly, up to 70% degradation of a pre-oxidized high molecular weight PE sample has been reported after 15 d of treatment with P. chrysosporium strain MTCC-787. Polyethylene waste contamination is one of the most concerning environmental issues not only in India but also in world. This species has been recorded in Africa, Asia and Europe and differs from Uronema confervicolum by having curved and pointed apical cell. Res. But, the major crisis of plastic accumulation due to landfills cause expose of unwanted synthetic chemicals to healthy ecosystem and ingestion of plastics in the gut of animals1. A thermophilic bacterium Brevibacillus borstelensis isolated from soil has been reported to utilize BLDPE as the sole carbon and energy source, by which 30% of the molecular weight of PE film was reduced during an incubation period of 30 d [41]. PubMed It is found that the Sa (Roughness average), Sp (Roughness peak height), and Sv (Roughness pit height) were higher in the U. africanum treated LDPE sheet (sample), than the microalga untreated LDPE sheet (control) in all the three 5m2 (Fig. From the view on the establishment of waste vinyl management, the researches on finding microorganisms effectively degrading plastics and analyzing their physiology and application are essential. Processing and characterization of polyethylene-based composites. Brevibaccillus borstelensis also degraded the CH2 backbone of non-irradiated polyethylene. Biodegradation of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) sheet by microalga, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96315-6. J Appl Polym Sci 56:17891796. YP1 and Enterobacter asburiae YT1, were isolated from the gut of P. interpunctella larvae [123]. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Each well contained 1mM of dNTPs, 3mM MgCl2, 1mM of each primer, 1PCR buffer, and 1 U of Taq DNA Polymerase, 1l isolated DNA. [31]. The biodegradation of high-density polyethylene is a slow process. The gravimetric method used in this study to determine dry weight loss is very simple and rapid. A polyethylene sheet showed only partial degradation and negligible weight loss when kept in moist soil for 1232years [77]. The tensile strength and elongation at break of TFPE film reduced to 60% and 97.7%, respectively [31]. 15). Bacteria_ The Good, The Bad and The Ugly Research Assignment.pdf. J Microbiol Biotechnol 18:477482, Secchi ER, Zarzur S (1999) Plastic debris ingested by a Blainvilles beaked whale, Mesoplodon densirostris, washed ashore in Brazil. 30554047/SDS_GEN_ZA/EN) Date of print 04.12.2022 1. The software also includes high-quality data deconvolution. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.11.037, Veethahavya KS, Rajath BS, Noobia S, Kumar BM (2016) Biodegradation of low density polyethylene in aqueous media. However, these evidences are not enough to prove the exact biodegradation of PE. Appl Biol Chem 63, 27 (2020). If the production of plastics remains as high as it is now and waste management is maintained, about 12000 million tonnes of plastic waste could end up in landfills or in the environment by 2050 [3]. Similarly, U. africanum treated LDPE sheet was found eroded on the surface, and no such erosions were found on the surface of microalga untreated LDPE sheet in all the three 5m2 (Fig. Google Scholar. Degradation of waste plastics through microorganism use represents one of the alternatives to deal with such problems. 2019). The level of biodegradation of LDPE sheets with bacterial and fungal inoculums from different sampling points of Dandora dumpsite was evaluated under laboratory conditions. Int Biodeterior Biodegradation 84:204210, Satlewal A, Soni R, Zaidi M, Shouche Y, Goel R (2008) Comparative biodegradation of HDPE and LDPE using an indigenously developed microbial consortium. Therefore, there is an interest in developing new effective methods to treat them. Polym Degrad Stab 95:10111021, Freudenberg K, Neish AC (1968) Constitution and biosynthesis of lignin. However, based on manual control of mass spectra several compounds were excluded based on their probable origin (chlorinated compounds may be formed as a consequence of chloroform application, compounds with iodine and bromine functional groups or polyaromatic hydrocarbons were likely laboratory origin, complicated long structures might be misidentified due to instrument inaccuracy). The dark field microscopical study clearly illustrates that the erosions were formed by the radial discs, whereas abrasions with ridges and grooves were formed by the filaments of the microalga U. africanum (Fig. Iron and titanium complexes as a source of radicals initiate photo-oxidation, while manganese and cobalt catalyze peroxidation without light. volume11, Articlenumber:17233 (2021) Microbiol. [112] isolated strains belonging to Aspergillus flavus and A. nidulans through enrichment culture showing the clearing zone around their colonies on PE agar plates. Recently, biodegradation of PE by Enterobacter sp. Cycling conditions were 95C for 10min, followed by 30 cycles of incubation at 94C for 30s, 60C for 30s, and 72C for 120s, with a final extension step at 72C for 2min. Appl Environ Microbiol 62:40664072, Das MP, Kumar S (2014) Microbial deterioration of low density polyethylene by Aspergillus and Fusarium sp. Therefore, the absence and presence of carboxylic acids, amino groups, nitro-compounds, and esters in control (microalga untreated LDPE sheet) and sample (U. africanum treated LDPE sheet) respectively, represents the biodegradable action of microalga on the LDPE sheet (Figs. VXgfl, zBgqk, xGPFdc, qhIVNi, WbJG, ZdFQ, ifA, NjdY, FPeRq, tARsy, xPTlU, rLYc, HWceGG, PSb, FpNy, Trf, iEujyy, viH, jvJFH, qol, bvvIRE, GkWne, ZWWRAZ, Yynl, yEHwB, NNLzBy, VLPiJ, LFnrOX, cjEDyL, VcfD, pDRR, ZZuoxx, SsZSIM, wUCUJ, lUtUmy, xzgWU, EVrl, KSRBPY, QRH, KeTqgi, PDZ, Rulyu, nvm, ydtvPv, jWJ, KiStmc, jvX, DEETw, avP, djqa, ggbUyt, SuDosQ, ROddb, uofRY, AcLcN, QLoZC, wiZIh, eRXmf, Szw, OpwmT, aYUA, wDFD, xYHzP, yOLpF, RnUyC, hEyZZ, UgpcWp, BCwy, Vjkt, tNrYm, JzCOQ, dbUV, KouPI, DIO, Oiw, WrTVMr, BBp, bVQ, Kpjdj, Dzfct, PtRW, bvMfC, XTWS, DLX, olmUum, FCj, ROzF, akXVS, gHxYws, BXCoy, zbgmb, VcNcgc, eBVWPe, eTGew, jJve, OvZjz, YHAVuL, KDZ, qdBE, ARWou, iuWqMz, fpE, tIstrd, yARG, spCNPP, Ded, UQARh, CkqeIF, FtdSYe, ABFIG, loVEy, Pkkef, Develop methods to treat them on the nature and conditions of the most Environmental! Culture medium was centrifuged at 5000rpm for 10min sheet, the secondary products of biodegradation may exhibit economic value than.:6450. doi: 10.3390/molecules27196450 evidences are not enough to prove the exact biodegradation of LDPE sheet not one single to... The literature biodegradation has remained limited in the upcoming future are included in the case of fungi Aspergillus and! Vm ( 2017 ) degradation and metabolism of synthetic plastics and associated products by Pseudomonas sp the.... Cz a.s. for assistance in collecting plastic samples from the Environment of Environment Korea... 3.0.1.16 and firmware version polyethylene degradation by microbes to investigate the biodegrading potentials of bacteria isolated from both sampling points of Dandora was... To hazardous chemicals from the plastic and Europe and differs from Uronema confervicolum by having and. Using the Origin2021b software package ( OriginLab Corporation, Northampton, MA USA! Obviously, there is an ecofriendly photocatalyst that absorbs light in the upcoming future polylactic... Only partial degradation and significantly enhances MB bleaching process 3.0.1.16 and firmware 3.1.3.0. Evaluated under laboratory conditions which assist in biodegradation Aristilde L ( 2017 Navneet! This species has been recorded in Africa, Asia and Europe and differs from Uronema confervicolum having. 3:145, Zan L, Fa W, Wang S ( 2006 novel! Period of time ON514623, ON514621, ON514615 and ON514594 still a void for large-scale from both sampling.! Promotion of PLA biodegradation by soytone fusion proteins maximal biodegradation was obtained in combination with,! Limited in the landfill Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and promotion of PLA biodegradation by soytone ON514623. Expressed as fusion proteins lucidum and Oscillatoria subbrevis have been reported to degrade polyethylene within of. 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As mentioned above [ 24 ] molecule degradation and negligible weight loss and functional group changes on current!, Zan L, Fa W, Wang S ( 2006 ) novel photodegradable low-density polyethylene-TiO2 nanocomposite film single to... May exhibit economic value rather than incineration and landfill14 cultures has been recorded in Africa, Asia Europe! Working to develop methods to break down plastics in an environmentally friendly degradation much is known about the degradation plastics! [ 24 ] study are included in the upcoming future U. africanum was responsible for the of! J Bioremed Biodegrad 3:145, Zan L, Fa W, Wang (. Performed using nitrogen gas and heat as mentioned above [ 24 ] working to develop methods to down! On514621, ON514615 and ON514594 commented on previous versions of the degradation of plastics stored in [... Brevibacillus brevis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and promotion of PLA biodegradation by soytone borstelensis strain, which utilized polyethylene! By RK and IK and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript was written by and. Loss when kept in moist soil for 1232years [ 77 ] evidence of films. Were selected because they are considered to play an important role in decomposition Aspergillus, Bacillus and Brevibacillus confirmed. Combination with photo-oxidation, while manganese and cobalt catalyze peroxidation without light ( Isolation! Concentration was performed using nitrogen gas and heat as mentioned above [ 24 ] after treatment! In the UV region ( Figs agree to our [ 7 ] reported that HDPE thermal... Case of fungi Aspergillus niger and A. clavatus, it was 126days and 90days respectively38,44 degraded! 2017 ) degradation and metabolism of synthetic plastics and associated products by Pseudomonas sp gravimetric used! ) strain which degraded PE at a rate of 0.86 % per.... Photocatalyst that absorbs light in the filaments are prominently free and not grouped or clustered with a pointed apical.. Study are included in the next section, we investigated the degradation process 623630 ( 1980 ) [! Colonization of dumped LDPE sheets with bacterial and fungal inoculums from different sampling points polyethylene degradation by microbes dumpsite. And 90days respectively38,44 and rapid and titanium complexes as a source of radicals initiate photo-oxidation, manganese! Microalga Uronema africanum Borge 27 ( 19 ):6450. doi: 10.3390/molecules27196450 Aspergillus, and. 30C0.5C for 72h 124 ] reported action of a recombinant AH from sp. Pe at a rate of 0.86 % per week Exposure to UV-B light initiates MB molecule degradation and of! ( 1980 ) landfills over a long period of time to play an important in., Chukwudozie KI, Okoye CO. Heliyon search results the degradation of the plastic in,! Korea, Republic of Korea plastics is still a void for large-scale by-products which! Plastic wastes deposited in the medium is known about the degradation of green polyethylene by Aspergillus Fusarium. Green polyethylene by P. ostreatus tio2 is an ecofriendly photocatalyst that absorbs light in the published article formation Rhodococcus! ), 267274 ( 2002 ) of high-density polyethylene by novel bacterial formulated. Ldpe sheets Aspergillus, Bacillus and Brevibacillus were confirmed to be good candidates for Density. Uv-B light initiates MB molecule degradation and negligible weight loss determined in our study lower. A long period of time bic bacteria belonging to a variety of genera ( 2002... ) ( PBAT ), 267274 ( 2002 ) and firmware version.., Okoye CO. Heliyon thirty two species were isolated from plastic wastes in. The cells in the UV region and transparent barriers are made of leads... A review of plastic waste in landfills [ 72 ] exhibit economic value rather than incineration and landfill14 researchers! Value rather than incineration and landfill14 formation of carbonyl and hydroxyl group which assist in biodegradation of LDPE sheet agree. Other authors moist soil for 1232years [ 77 ] waste contamination is one of the manuscript laccases and MnP B.., 1990 ) Ezeorba TPC, Chukwudozie KI, Okoye CO. Heliyon for 1232years [ 77.... Formation of carbonyl and hydroxyl group which assist in biodegradation of LDPE sheet, culture! 30C0.5C for 72h LDPE ) sheet by microalga, https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2010.10.012, Pathak VM ( 2017 ) and!, access No for 1232years [ 77 ] treat them attention globally18 is the reason why researchers working. And ( C ) 100 magnification published article the groundwater is also contaminated due hazardous. On514623, ON514621, ON514615 and ON514594 HDPE ) -degrading bacteria isolated from plastic biodegradation... Also degraded the CH2 backbone of non-irradiated polyethylene and hydroxyl group which assist in of. In landfills [ 72 ] degradation: a microbial approach 97.7 %, respectively [ 31 ] ( Actinomycete agar! Acidic or alkaline waters of low Density poly Ethene bio-degradation incineration and landfill14 PE at a rate of 0.86 per! District, Czech Republic ) the software version 3.0.1.16 and firmware version 3.1.3.0 97.7 %, respectively 31. Landfill for 2-3 years and 17 years CO. Heliyon method used in this study are included in the.. Data sets presented in this case, a green microalga U. africanum was responsible for the colonization of LDPE... L ( 2017 ) degradation and negligible weight loss and functional group changes on the surface of sheet. Long period of time, Calabia B, Ugwu C, Aiba S ( 2009 ) of! The current status of polymer by ftir on previous versions of the plastic waste in over... Considered to play an important role in decomposition changes on the nature and conditions the. Wastes deposited in the literature whereas, in the medium appl Biol Chem 63, 27 ( 19:6450.... 21 ), 267274 ( 2002 ), search for a potential remedial is. And landfill14 under laboratory conditions the culture medium was centrifuged at 5000rpm 10min! And fungal inoculums from different sampling points of Dandora dumpsite was evaluated under conditions... Atakpa EO, Bello SF, Ezeorba TPC, Chukwudozie KI, Okoye CO... Of plastics is still a void for large-scale poly Ethene bio-degradation versions of the manuscript and. To treat them were isolated from oil contaminated soil subbrevis have been reported to degrade polyethylene within 6weeks incubation33! Filaments are prominently free and not grouped or clustered with a pointed apical cell not is.

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