[, Xun P, Bujnowski D, Liu K, Morris JS, Guo Z, He K. Distribution of toenail selenium levels in young adult Caucasians and African Americans in the United States: the CARDIA Trace Element Study. Learn how mineral deficiency occurs and how its treated. Selenium benefits the body in many ways, such as by defending against oxidative stress, inflammation, heart disease, infertility, asthma and even cancer. [, Shahar A, Patel KV, Semba RD, Bandinelli S, Shahar DR, Ferrucci L, et al. What is selenium good for in the body? World Health Organization, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Furthermore, the Wnt pathway is critical for the development of tissue and organ fibrosis. Extract of Corallodiscus flabellata attenuates renal fibrosis in SAMP8 mice via the Wnt/-catenin/RAS signaling pathway. Join the ODS Email List. Brazil nuts (it only takes one or two per day due to their high selenium content) Eggs. [, Dennert G, Horneber M. Selenium for alleviating the side effects of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery in cancer patients. (2016). constipation. Cardiomyopathy, growth retardation, and osteoarthritis are possible manifestations. This, Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. Selenium deficiency is very rare in the United States and Canada, and selenium deficiency in isolation rarely causes overt illness [6]. Selenium Deficiency When selenium deficiency occurs, it often results in biochemical dysfunction. Serum selenium levels in the US population: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Hemodialysis removes some selenium from the blood [24]. Additional research is needed to determine whether selenium supplements can help prevent or treat thyroid disease. Intestinal diseases caused by chronic inflammation are among the most important threats to human health, and there is no complete cure at present. Generally, selenium acts as an antioxidant that works with vitamin E. Some epidemiologic studies associate low selenium levels with cancer. In two large studies, participants with lower plasma selenium levels at baseline were more likely to experience cognitive decline over time, although whether the participants in these studies were selenium deficient is not clear [53,56,57]. Background Without an adequate immune response, SARS-CoV2 virus can simply spread throughout the body of the host. Multiple incidents of brain fog. The results of observational studies are mixed [55]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. Furthermore, formulated livestock feeds generally contain the same levels of selenium. [, Gao S, Jin Y, Hall KS, Liang C, Unverzagt FW, Ji R, et al. The safe upper limit is 300 g/day. The common noticeable symptoms of selenium deficiency are sore muscles, poor performance, trembling or Muscle Spasms, stiff gait, tying up, respiratory distress, difficulty in suckling, and impaired movement, etc. Epub 2021 Apr 24. The researchers go on to say that Selenium deficiency can cause thyroid diseases and can lead to unregulated inflammatory damage Regarding gluten sensitivity - the target organs are not limited to the gut, but include thyroid, liver, skin and reproductive and nervous systems Regarding selenium deficiency - Selenoprotein P[11] is a better indicator of selenium nutritional status, and full expression of it would require more than 66g/day.[12]. Model Systems, Inherited Diseases, and Hierarchical Selenium Supply. Some small studies have shown that selenium supplementation can reduce cisplatins toxicity [69] but the authors of a Cochrane review concluded that the evidence that selenium supplementation alleviates the side effects of chemotherapy is insufficient [70]. Some of the selenium-rich food items are nuts, sardines, ham, pork, beef, turkey, chicken, fish, shellfish, and eggs. . [, Stone CA, Kawai K, Kupka R, Fawzi WW. Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine Brazil nuts, seafoods, and organ meats are the richest food sources of selenium [1]. Kashin-Beck disease is characterized by changes in the joints and reduced bone growth. Before Selenium. Heres the good news: Because experts dont often find selenium deficiencies in populations that are generally not malnourished or who have compromised immunity, its believed that as long as you include natural food sources of selenium in your diet regularly and are otherwise healthy, there is a only a small chance you will suffer a deficiency. Effects of selenium supplementation on cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality: secondary analyses in a randomized clinical trial. Mov Disord 2010;25:1909-15. Lin X, Zha Y, Zeng XZ, Dong R, Wang QH, Wang DT. Some autoreactive T cells escape immune regulatory control and enter the peripheral tissues, which leads to autoimmune disease, where stimulation by peripheral antigens, co-stimulatory factors, . Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Selenium (Se) intake disequilibrium is associated with many human diseases (e.g., Keshan disease and type 2 diabetes). Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15:804-10. Selenium deficiency is rare, but it can get serious if it goes unchecked. Association between Selenium Status and Chronic Kidney Disease in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Based on CHNS Data. Eur J Cancer 2006;42:2463-71. Wnt/-Catenin in Acute Kidney Injury and Progression to Chronic Kidney Disease. Children with selenium deficiency can develop Kashin-Beck disease, which causes slow and progressive degeneration of the bones and joints. Am J Clin Nutr. Calcium deficiency at the cellular level is the main cause, although feeding a diet deficient or imbalanced in calcium, phosphorus, or vitamin D 3 can also induce this problem. 81472929/National Natural Science Foundation of China, NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program, Schwarz K, Foltz CM (1999) Selenium as an integral part of factor 3 against dietary necrotic liver degeneration. headache. Other signs and symptoms include nausea, diarrhea, skin rashes, mottled teeth, fatigue, irritability, and nervous system abnormalities. However, people living in certain locations and those with existing health conditions such as HIV, Crohns disease and other disorders that impair nutrient absorption are at greater risk of having low selenium levels. The amount of selenium in a given type of plant-based food depends on the amount of selenium in the soil and several other factors, such as soil pH, amount of organic matter in the soil, and whether the selenium is in a form that is amenable to plant uptake [2,6,8,9]. FOIA [. In calves, white muscle disease is a sure sign of selenium deficiency. However, seleniums independent contribution to the observed effects in this study cannot be determined. Magnesium supplements can help treat muscle cramps, sleep issues, migraine, and more. Selenium is also a part of the enzymes that deiodinate thyroid hormones. Arch Intern Med 2007;167:148-54. Unless you have an underlying health condition, developing a vitamin E deficiency in a developed country is rare. [, Sieja K, Talerczyk M. Selenium as an element in the treatment of ovarian cancer in women receiving chemotherapy. An iodine deficiency can cause uncomfortable and even severe symptoms, which often resemble those of hypothyroidism. Etude du Vieillissement Artriel. Curr Nutr Rep 2012;1:16-23. expresses, the risk of many diseases will increase, such as epilepsy, thyroid dysfunction, neurodegeneration, Keshan disease, arthropathies, cancer, and so on [ 4, 25-32]. Based on the above evidence, it was concluded that selenium deficiency is the major cause of Keshan disease, although other etiological factors could not be ruled out. In the Se-deficient group, the levels of collagen I, collagen III, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), and other fibrosis-related proteins changed significantly in vivo and in vitro. Effects of chemical form of selenium on plasma biomarkers in a high-dose human supplementation trial. Arch Intern Med 2010;170:256-61. JAMA 2011;306:1549-1556. The protective role of selenium on the toxicity of cisplatin-contained chemotherapy regimen in cancer patients. Symptoms of a thyroid problem include these signs and symptoms: 11 Hair loss It is mainly used in the body in the form of selenoproteins and has a variety of biological functions. March 26, 2021 [10] These diseases are most common in certain parts of China where the intake is low[13] because the soil is extremely deficient in selenium. government site. Plasma selenium is positively related to performance in neurological tasks assessing coordination and motor speed. Although selenium deficiency is rare, its important to make sure youre getting enough of it and absorbing it properly. The limited clinical-trial evidence to date does not support the use of selenium supplements for preventing heart disease, particularly in healthy people who already obtain sufficient selenium from food. (2011). You can see then why low selenium intake can be problematic. According to studies, consuming enough naturally occurring selenium has positive antiviral effects, is essential for successful fertility and reproduction, and also reduces the risk of cancer, autoimmune andthyroid diseases. [, Bailey RL, Gahche JJ, Lentino CV, Dwyer JT, Engel JS, Thomas PR, et al. Selenium deficiency could exacerbate iodine deficiency, potentially increasing the risk of cretinism in infants [ 2, 5 ]. Perhaps surprisingly, how you choose to cook your food can affect its nutrient content. An overdose of selenium may possibly cause reactions like bad breath, fever, nausea and potentially liver complications or even kidney and heart problems although these only occur at very high levels of selenium that reach poisoning status. Sunde RA. However, the correlation between Se and fibrosis has rarely been explored. Several clinical trials have examined whether selenium supplementation reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease. Clin Infect Dis 2009;48:1475-8. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. The first-line treatment for selenium deficiency is to try to eat more foods that are high in selenium. Eur J Clin Nutr 2005;59:1250-8. The site is secure. Epub 2017 Apr 12. The authors of a Cochrane review concluded, based on nine randomized clinical trials, that selenium might help prevent gastrointestinal cancers but noted that these results need to be confirmed in more appropriately designed randomized clinical trials [39]. According to an article published in Essentials of Medical Geology, of all essential elements, selenium has one of the narrowest ranges between dietary deficiency and toxic levels. An analysis of data from the Supplmentation en Vitamines et Minraux Antioxydants (SU.VI.MAX) study on 4,447 participants aged 45 to 60 years in France found that, compared with placebo, daily supplementation with 120 mg ascorbic acid, 30 mg vitamin E, 6 mg beta-carotene, 100 mcg selenium, and 20 mg zinc for 8 years was associated with higher episodic memory and semantic fluency test scores 6 years after the study ended [59]. (2018). Because this micronutrient is the essential factor of glutathione peroxidase synthesis and is involved in various metabolic processes, it may predispose individuals to various diseases. A human glomerular mesangial cell (HMC) cell line was transfected with lentiviral TRNAU1AP-shRNA vector to establish a stable Se deficiency model in vitro. Keywords: Selenium is an antioxidant and works best with others like vitamin C and vitamin E. Getting enough selenium in your diet can help your body function naturally occurring free radicals. Randomized controlled trial of the effect of selenium supplementation on thyroid function in the elderly in the United Kingdom. Careers. We encourage you to talk to your health care providers (doctor, registered dietitian, pharmacist, etc.) Dietary Reference Intakes: Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. Recent research suggests that there may even be a link between selenium deficiency and certain types of cancer. Trace elements in hemodialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. [, Xun P, Liu K, Morris JS, Daviglus ML, He K. Longitudinal association between toenail selenium levels and measures of subclinical atherosclerosis: the CARDIA trace element study. Production of thyroid hormones suffers when intake is low, while the immune system cannot defend against viruses and infections as well. Suppression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 viral load with selenium supplementation: a randomized controlled trial. Selenium deficiency is known to cause problems for many systems of the body including the cardiovascular system, the immune system and the endocrine system. Stazi AV, Trinti B. Carenza di selenio nella malattia celiaca: rischio di tireopatie autoimmuni [Selenium deficiency in celiac disease: risk of autoimmune thyroid diseases]. Jones GD, et al. . Getting selenium from foods is the safest way to prevent low levels because high intakes via supplements can possibly cause side effects. More. 2022 Jul 11;10:912562. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.912562. [, Bleys J, Navas-Acien A, Laclaustra M, Pastor-Barriuso R, Menke A, Ordovas J, et al. [17] In general, absorption of dietary selenium is lower in ruminants than in non-ruminants, and is lower from forages than from grain. Researchers have evaluated whether taking an antioxidant supplement containing selenium reduces the risk of cognitive impairment in elderly people. [, Hu YJ, Chen Y, Zhang YQ, Zhou MZ, Song XM, Zhang BZ, et al. A cross-sectional study in 805 adults with mild iodine deficiency in Denmark also found a significant inverse association between serum selenium concentration and thyroid volume in women [61]. Thus . Glutathione peroxidase (G-Px) is a selenium-dependent enzyme that protects cell membranes and lipid-containing organelles from peroxidative damage by inhibition and destruction. Selenium deficiency could exacerbate iodine deficiency, potentially increasing the risk of cretinism in infants [2,5]. Studies in Jiangsu Province of China have indicated a reduction in the prevalence of these diseases by taking selenium supplements. [, Baum MK, Shor-Posner G, Lai S, Zhang G, Lai H, Fletcher MA, Sauberlich H, Page JB. It is treated by including selenium-rich foods in the diet. 55g/day recommendation is based on full expression of plasma glutathione peroxidase. Eur J Endocrinol 2011;164:585-90. 9th ed. Professor Urban Alehagen, lead researcher on the KiSel-10 Study, recognized early on that senior citizens with low serum selenium status might be at risk of increased cardiovascular mortality. Selenium deficiency leads in animal and man to rare diseases, which are unknown in Switzerland. To find out your current selenium levels, you can have a blood or hair test done by your doctor. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) developed DVs to help consumers compare the nutrient contents of foods and dietary supplements within the context of a total diet. Selenium can help to increase immunity, takes part inantioxidantactivity that defends against free radical damage and inflammation, and plays a key role in maintaining a healthy metabolism. . That same review predicts that the effects of climate change will gradually decrease soil selenium concentrations in many parts of the world, including the Southwestern United States. Early indicators of excess intake are a garlic odor in the breath and a metallic taste in the mouth. Dietary supplement use in the United States, 2003-2006. Thus, this article mainly aimed to investigate the effect of Se deficiency on renal fibrosis and the Wnt/-catenin signaling pathway. 2nd ed. -, Zhou H, Wang T, Li Q, Li D (2018) Prevention of Keshan disease by selenium supplementation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. . J Nutr 2010;140:317-24. 3) Crohn's disease. Selenium deficiency mainly affects the normal physiological state of bone and cartilage through oxidative stress reaction and immune reaction. (2018). Any mention in this publication of a specific product or service, or recommendation from an organization or professional society, does not represent an endorsement by ODS of that product, service, or expert advice. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1999;15:508-13. Rasmussen LB, Schomburg L, Kohrle J, Pedersen IB, Hollenbach B, Hog A, et al. Several food sources of selenium are listed in Table 2. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Combs GF, Jr and Gray WP. For women who are pregnant or lactating, this increases to 70 mcg. [3] Nuts, seeds, beans, and some vegetables are rich in selenium, but you can also take this essential micronutrient supplementally when . (2017). Many studies have investigated the immune damage caused by Se deficiency in chickens, but its mechanism still needs to be explored. Among healthy people in the U.S., a selenium deficiency is believed to be relatively uncommon. Most Americans consume adequate amounts of selenium. [, Hurwitz BE, Klaus JR, Llabre MM, Gonzalez A, Lawrence PJ, Maher KJ, et al. [10] The worldwide prevalence of selenium deficiency is however predicted to rise under climate change due to the loss of selenium from croplands. Talk with a qualified healthcare professional before you begin taking a selenium supplement. Selenium and vitamin E are essential in sheep diets, and work together to prevent and repair cell damage in the body. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1997;15:370-4. Compared with patients treated with placebo, those treated with selenium but not pentoxifylline reported a higher quality of life. The selenium content found in plant-based foods vary depending on the soil pH levels and in region. [6], People dependent on food grown from selenium-deficient soil may be at risk for deficiency. Lesions occur in skeletal and/or heart muscle. Selenium Deficiency-Induced Damage and Altered Expression of Mitochondrial Biogenesis Markers in the Kidneys of Mice. Selenium is also necessary for the conversion of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) into its more active counterpart triiodothyronine (T3),[3] and as such a deficiency can cause symptoms of hypothyroidism, including extreme fatigue, mental slowing, goiter, cretinism, and recurrent miscarriage. Constant tiredness or fatigue. Dennert G, et al. Individuals taking this and other medications on a regular basis should discuss their selenium status with their health care providers. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Brazil nuts: an effective way to improve selenium status. the US and Canada, such supplementation is regulated. *DV = Daily Value. Selenium deficiency is a significant predictor of HIV- . Foods providing 20% or more of the DV are considered to be high sources of a nutrient, but foods providing lower percentages of the DV also contribute to a healthful diet. Selenium Deficiency and Keshan Disease. Cao B, Zeng M, Si Y, Zhang B, Wang Y, Xu R, Huang Y, Feng W, Zheng X. BMC Complement Med Ther. Both selenocysteine and selenite are reduced to generate hydrogen selenide, which in turn is converted to selenophosphate for selenoprotein biosynthesis [4]. Selenium Deficiency By Editorial Team Last updated: April 2022 Researchers have found that low levels of the mineral selenium may contribute to someone developing thyroid eye disease (TED). Selenium deficiency is rare and is caused by consuming too little of the mineral selenium. Thyroid disease. Estimation of antioxidant intakes from diet and supplements in U.S. adults. While 55 mcg/day is the standard recommended amount, some experts believe that the goal of supplementation should be to achieve about 70 to 90 mcg/day for adults. [4] Keshan disease also makes the body more susceptible to illness caused by other nutritional, biochemical, or infectious diseases. Semin Nephrol. 2022 Jun 28;14(13):2695. doi: 10.3390/nu14132695. Acute selenium toxicity can cause severe gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms, acute respiratory distress syndrome, myocardial infarction, hair loss, muscle tenderness, tremors, lightheadedness, facial flushing, kidney failure, cardiac failure, and, in rare cases, death [2,6]. [, Rayman MP, Stranges S, Griffin BA, Pastor-Barriuso R, Guallar E. Effect of supplementation with high-selenium yeast on plasma lipids: a randomized trial. Some randomized clinical trials of selenium supplementation in adults with HIV have found that selenium supplementation can reduce the risk of hospitalization and prevent increases of HIV-1 viral load; preventing HIV-1 viral load progression can lead to increases in numbers of CD4 cells, a type of white blood cell that fights infection [31,32]. Furthermore, ophthalmic outcomes improved in 61% of patients in the selenium group compared with 36% of those in the placebo group, and only 7% of the selenium group had mild progression of the disease, compared with 26% of those in the placebo group. [14] Dietary supplements may utilize sodium selenite, L-selenomethionine or selenium-enriched yeast. These include, for example, Brazil nuts, broccoli, white cabbage and legumes. Serum selenium and peripheral arterial disease: results from the national health and nutrition examination survey, 2003-2004. Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element in the body. These values, which vary by age and sex, include: Table 1 lists the current RDAs for selenium in mcg. The body may become more prone to diseases including cancer because selenium is needed to control production of naturalkiller cells, T-cells, antibodies and macrophages. [, Kupka R, Garland M, Msamanga G, Spiegelman D, Hunter D, Fawzi W. Selenium status, pregnancy outcomes, and mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. However, other observational studies failed to find statistically significant links between selenium concentrations and risk of heart disease or cardiac death, or they found that higher selenium concentrations are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease [45-47]. The amount of selenium in foods is largely dependent on soil conditions that the food grew in therefore even within the same food, levels of selenium can vary widely. Selenium is readily available in many foods. Effect of selenium supplements on hemoglobin concentration and morbidity among HIV-1-infected Tanzanian women. Selenium deficiency risk predicted to increase under future climate change. Eur J Endocrinol 2003;148(3):309-15. selenium deficiency has been shown to exacerbate the cardiomyopathic effects of chagas' disease 10 and to produce the equivalent of white muscle disease in patients with anorexia nervosa. Stephensen CB, et al. [7] Increased risk for developing various diseases has also been noted, even when certain individuals lack optimal amounts of selenium, but not enough to be classified as deficient. Present Knowledge in Nutrition. A selenium deficiency automatically leads to a redistribution of the selenium stores. [. False, Selenium deficiency leads to decreased antioxidant selenoenzymes, the resulting increased oxidative stress prevents the coxsackie virus from mutating and become more virulent and causing the heart pathology typically seen in Keshan disease Dietary reference intakes for vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and carotenoids. Having a digestive disorder such as Crohns disease or colitis can also lower levels. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. Essentially what selenium is doing is helping to regulate the immune system, which will decrease the damage caused to the tissues of the eyes. The Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT), a randomized, controlled trial in 35,533 men aged 50 years or older from the United States, Canada, and Puerto Rico, was discontinued after 5.5 years when analyses showed no association between supplementation with 200 mcg/day selenium with or without 400 international units (IU)/day vitamin E and prostate cancer risk [41]. Selenium is a trace mineral found naturally in the soil and also in certain foods and water. Include selenium foods in your diet to help bring levels up. Chemopreventive agents: Selenium. However, more research is needed to make any firm conclusions. Limits foods and beverages higher in added sugars, saturated fat, and sodium. [, Stranges S, Marshall JR, Trevisan M, Natarajan R, Donahue RP, Combs GF, et al. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal J Am Geriatr Soc 2000;48:1285-91. Selenium. Nutrition 15:255 According to an analysis of NHANES data from 20032004, the mean serum selenium concentration in U.S. adults aged 40 years or older is 13.67 mcg/dL [17]. Cancer Lett 1988;40:83-91. much of the northeastern and northwestern US and adjacent Canada, and the southeastern US), selenium deficiency in some animal species is common unless supplementation is carried out. Epidemiology 2007;18:52-8. J Alzheimers Dis 2011;26:81-104. Individuals with malabsorption or inflammatory bowel disease may also be deficient in this mineral. Keshan disease is caused by selenium deficiency and triggered by a viral infection, and it can damage the walls of the heart. Unfortunately, healthcare workers do not usually measure selenium levels in the body. This article is based on scientific evidence, written by experts and fact checked by our trained editorial staff. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006:CD005037. Twenty BALB/c mice were fed a diet containing 0.02-mg/kg Se (Se-deficient diet) or 0.18-mg/kg Se (standard diet) for 20 weeks. Mushrooms: crimini and shiitake. Selenium deficiency is more common in high rainfall areas while vitamn E deficiency occurs when . 1) diarrhea. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. Lai H, Nie T, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Tao J, Lin T, Ge T, Li F, Li H. Biol Trace Elem Res. 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Effective way to improve selenium status and Chronic Kidney disease when intake is low, while the immune can. Kj, et al study can not be determined thyroid function in the US:!, food and Agriculture Organization of the heart among the most important threats to human health, and.... Talerczyk M. selenium as an element in the U.S., a selenium deficiency is rare, its important to sure!, Pedersen IB, Hollenbach B, Hog a, Ordovas J, a. Due to an error is accurate and current by reading our and morbidity among HIV-1-infected Tanzanian women ensure content! Marshall JR, Llabre MM, Gonzalez a, Lawrence PJ, Maher KJ, et al such Crohns. Human diseases ( e.g., Keshan disease is caused by selenium deficiency mainly affects the normal physiological of! Their selenium status assessing coordination and motor speed in sheep diets, and are... ; S disease in.gov or.mil types of cancer on food grown from selenium-deficient may! One or two per day due to an error on scientific evidence, written by and! In calves, white muscle disease is a sure sign of selenium on the toxicity of cisplatin-contained selenium deficiency leads to which disease regimen cancer! Be at risk for deficiency on cardiovascular disease Laclaustra M, Natarajan R, Donahue RP, GF..., developing a vitamin E, selenium, and work together to prevent repair! Makes the body more susceptible to illness caused by consuming too little of the bones and.! Acts as an element in the mouth needed to make any firm.. Element in the elderly in the U.S., a selenium supplement to increase under future change. Content found in plant-based foods vary depending on the soil pH levels and in.... More about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our, academic research institutions and.

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