The anatomical snuffbox (also known as the radial fossa), is a triangular depression found on the lateral aspect of the dorsum of the hand. International Journal of Morphology. In depth are the bones that are part of the carpus, specifically the scaphoid and the trapezius. It ha the ability to tran form into other type of energy, uch a light energy, thermal All Rights Reserved warbletoncouncil.org - 2022, The 15 types of political governments (and their characteristics), The 14 parts of a microscope (and their functions), The 10 most common musculoskeletal diseases, Sickle Cell Anemia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment, The 20 types of genes (characteristics and functions), Hallett, S; Ashurst J.V. Feasibility of Coronary Angiography and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention via Left Snuffbox Approach. The tendon of the extensor pollicis longus create The medial border. Ethnicity Its name was derived from using the depression as a means of placement for the inhalation of powdered tobacco, otherwise known as dry snuff, and was first described in the medical literature in 1850. In this way, the pressure of the artery improves the composition of the vascular wall of the vein and can withstand the continuous accesses that a person who needs hemodialysis must make. It is for this reason that your pulse can be palpable in this area. One of your challenges in life is to strive toward your lofty goals and at the same time recognize the good you are doing., You seem mysterious and different. Boundaries and Borders: Medial border: Extensor Pollicis Longus (EPL) A snuff box is a small container that is used to hold powdered tobacco (snuff). All rights reserved. This injury is especially relevant, since the scaphoid is the most frequently damaged bone of all the carpal bones. Anatomical snuff box is small in size. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. An anatomical snuffbox is the triangular-shaped depression on the back of the hand when the thumb is extended and dorsiflexed. It appears as a triangular depression on the lateral surface of the wrist on full extension of the thumb. While Darwin's death brings 1882 to an early close, this volume contains a supplement of nearly 400 letters. The main function of the anatomical snuff box is to facilitate the anatomical study of the structures of the hand, which can be difficult. The name originates from the use of this surface for placing and then sniffing powdered tobacco, or "snuff." It is sometimes referred to by its French name tabatire. Similarly, near the artery, the superficial branch of the radial nerve and the cephalic branch of the radial vein break through. Actions: Extends all joints of the thumb: carpometacarpal, metacarpophalangeal and . If you have dinky little hands like me, the snuff box is pretty prominent (as you can see in the doodle since that's my left hand). The tendons of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis create The lateral border. By knowing the boundaries and contents of the anatomical snuff box, a healthcare provider can generate a differential diagnosis when a patient . However, if the case is complicated, surgical treatment that provides a definitive cure is preferred. The name originates from the use of this surface for placing and then sniffing powdered tobacco, or " snuff ." The anatomical snuff box is among one of the most fun-named anatomic structures, it's called the snuff box because people used to put snuff (tobacco) in it. Additionally, in its distal part, towards the finger, the head of the first metacarpal bone can be felt and proximally, towards the wrist, the styloid process of the radial. The practice of sniffing or inhaling a pinch of snuff was common in England around the 17th century; and when, in the 18th century, it became widespread in other countries as well, the demand for decorated snuffboxes, considered valuable gifts, increased. Follow NamesLook on Pinterest, Currently there are no peoples found! It is located at the level of the carpal bones and best seen when the thumb is abducted. Posterior view of radial part of the right wrist. Less expensive snuffboxes were constructed of silver, copper, brass, horn, tortoiseshell, or wood. n the triangular depression on the back of the hand between the thumb and the index finger Collins English Dictionary - Complete and Unabridged, 12th . An anatomical snuffbox is the triangular-shaped depression on the back of the hand when the thumb is extended and dorsiflexed. using our services you agree to our use of. Here's how to find it: Bend you elbow so that you can see the back of your hand. Definition: It is a triangular shaped depression in the radial or lateral aspect of the dorsum of the hand which is seen when the thumb is extended fully. It attaches to the distal phalanx of the thumb. You are a perfectionist. Distal Radial Approach through the Anatomical Snuff Box for Coronary Angiography and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. The anatomical snuff box or snuffbox or foveola radialis is a triangular deepening on the radial, dorsal aspect of the hand at the level of the carpal bones, specifically, the scaphoid and trapezium bones forming the floor. The anatomical snuff box is a surface anatomy feature. Sometimes patients have suffered for a long time before the diagnosis is made. The anatomical snuff box or snuffbox or foveola radialis is a triangular deepening on the radial, dorsal aspect of the handat the level of the carpal bones, specifically, the scaphoid and trapezium bones forming the floor. It is triangular in shape and the base is proximal. No Comments Yet. Among the procedures performed in the anatomical snuff box, the most common is arterio-venous bypass, in which the cephalic vein joins the radial artery. Numerology Inhaled tobacco was a very common way to consume this product between the 17th and 19th centuries. To get more detailed numberology reading based on your date of birth visit our Numerology Calculator. Please Inform Us, A-Z Names Poll: Which Male Avenger do you like most? While the lateral limit is established by the tendons of the abductor muscle and extensor pollicis brevis. The name originates from the use of this surface for placing and then sniffing powdered tobacco, or "snuff."It is sometimes referred to by its French name tabatire. Still, clinically anatomical snuffbox is related to: Copyright 2016 - 2019 Earth's Lab All Rights Reserved -. Still, clinically anatomical snuffbox is related to: The pulsations of radial artery can be felt in the anatomical box. Zodiac You possess clarity and persistence in your search for truth. Anatomy Def: A triangular hollow on the back of hand, at the base of thumb. The anatomical snuff box is a triangular deepening on the radial dorsal aspect of the handat the level of the carpal bones specifically the scaphoid and trapezium bones forming the floor. Students, before we delve into our mini-lesson, it is worthwhile to consider the word snuff, which enjoys many meanings - some old, some new: charred part . The content is copyrighted to The Meaning and may not be reproduced on other websites. Create new Board. Add Peoples on anatomical snuffbox name, Need any help or having any feedback? Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Likewise, its content is of utmost importance for the performance of some trauma and cardiovascular surgery procedures. Its position is the intersections of the long axes of the four fingers while in a fist, or . The anatomical snuff box is a small, triangular depression located on the dorsoradial aspect of the wrist. Terminal parts of the superficial branch of the radial nerve pass subcutaneously over the anatomical snuffbox as does the origin of the cephalic vein from the dorsal venous arch of the hand. The anatomical snuff box is surrounded by tendons attached to forearm muscles. Score: 4.2/5 (19 votes) . The series was directed by Brass Eye director Michael Cumming who later directed Berry's Toast of London. Both the radial artery and the superficial branches of the homonymous nerve, as well as the cephalic vein, are part of the content of the anatomical snuffbox. 2022 The Meaning. The main advantage is the. The medial border of the snuffbox is the tendon of the extensor pollicis longus. They are visible as long as the bony limits can be easily palpated. The pulsations of radial artery can be felt in the anatomical box. Its name was derived from using the depression as a means of placement for the inhalation of powdered tobacco, otherwise known as dry snuff, and was first described in the medical literature in 1850. . Attachments: Originates from the posterior surface of the ulna and interosseous membrane. So keep visiting again to get this name's meaning and other information. Tags. This chapter examines how the art-historical perception of the relation between the subject and the object has . Gross anatomy Boundaries medial: tendons of the extensor pollicis longus lateral: tendons of the extensor pollicis brevis and more laterally abductor pollicis longus floor In this depression, the ground tobacco (snuff) is placed before it is inhaled into the nose, in old times thus the name. Some snuffboxes were worn as articles of jewelry during the 18th century. Fig. The abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis comprise the anterior boundary, the posterior boundary is the extensor pollicis longus, and the floor is formed by the scaphoid, trapezium, and articulation between the trapezium and first metacarpals. 373K subscribers The anatomical snuff box is a region on the back of the hand bounded by some tendons and giving us a good spot to find some bones and bony bits, a nerve, an artery and a vein.. Medical Editor: Charles Patrick Davis, MD, PhD. The author calls for a historical account grounded on a specific local context. The extensor tendons passing into the thumb forms the triangular depression called anatomical snuffbox on the posterolateral side of the wrist and metacarpal I. Electrical energy i a type of energy that i generated by the attraction and repul ion between electrical charge . It is certainly very important for the specialist to know the anatomy of this region in a perfect way to avoid injuring the nearby vascular and neurological structures during surgeries in the area. The name originates from the use of this surface for placing and then sniffing powdered tobacco or snuff.. Reviewed on 3/29/2021. You have a snuffbox! This depression was used to hold snuff (ground tobacco) before inhaling through the nose, hence the name 'snuff box' or 'anatomical snuffbox.' Singapore medical journal. The lateral border is a pair tendons, the extensor pollicis brevis and the abductor pollicis longus. The superficial branches of the radial nerve can be rolled over the tendon of extensor pollicis longus. The anatomical snuffbox is a surface anatomy feature described as a triangular depression on the dorsum of the hand at the base of the thumb. Anatomical snuff box is small in size. Adaptation Anatomy Architecture Art Attraction Blood Body Plan Bones Chance Cinema Climate change Cultural Evolution Design Dissection Dogma Drugs Embryology Evo-devo Evolution Experiments Face Fish Folklore Genes Hallucination History of Ideas Homunculus Human evolution Human Uniqueness Ideas Illustration Microscopy Mind and Brain Nature . The lateral (outer) wall of the snuff box is formed from the tensed tendons of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis; the medial wall is formed by the tensed tendon of the extensor pollicis longus; the proximal wall is formed by the styloid process of the radius, and the distal wall is formed by the base of the first metacarpal. The boundaries of the region are well established by the tendons of the finger muscles. Starring and written by Matt Berry and Rich Fulcher with additional material by Nick Gargano, it aired on BBC Three in 2006. You have a strong interest in exploring scientific matters, philosophy, and even mysticism. snuffbox, small, usually ornamented box for holding snuff (a scented, powdered tobacco). In the past, this depression was used to hold snuff (ground tobacco) before inhaling via the nose - hence it was given the name 'snuffbox'. However, your injury may go unnoticed. In rhetoric, metonymy, al o known a tran nomination, it i a literary figure in which one thing i de ignated by the name of another with which it ha ome emantic relation hip of pre ence or contiguity. To do this it is necessary to start with the use of open and context-sensitive questions that could guide us in order to know why some . Omissions? The following 27 files are in this category, out of 27 total. *the contents of anatomical snuff box are : - cephalic vein - radial artery - superficial radial nerve *floor of the anatomical snuff box is formed by : - radial styloid - scaphoid (smooth convex articular surface) - trapezium - base of first metacarpal *boundaries of anatomical snuff box : - lateral/anterior wall ~abductor pollicis longus The anatomical snuffbox (also known as the radial fossa) is located at the level of the carpal bones and is best seen when the thumb is abducted. Snuff Box (sometimes referred to as Berry & Fulcher's Snuff Box) is a British dark sitcom set in London. The thumb is extended in order to observe the anatomical snuffbox more apparently: Deep to the extensor tendons of the thumb, the radial artery passes obliquely through the anatomical snuffbox and is located nearby to the scaphoid and trapezium. Its name was derived from using the depression as a means of placement for the inhalation of powdered tobacco, otherwise known as dry snuff, and was first described in the medical literature in 1850. The cephalic vein at anatomical snuffbox is often used for giving intravenous fluids. Define anatomical snuffbox. Outlander Def: Up-to-snuff divot of Jamie's hand - holds Claire's kisses! It appears as a triangular depression on the lateral surface of the wrist on full extension of the thumb. Start studying Anatomical Snuff Box. The tenderness in the anatomical box indicates fracture of scaphoid bone. We have planned some interesting updates for our website and for the name anatomical snuffbox, To keep informed about our updates, Please follow us on Facebook, Twitter and Pinterest, Follow NamesLook on Facebook Anatomical snuff box2.jpg 720 960; 54 KB. Look it up now! The anatomical snuffbox is visible with ulnar deviation of the wrist and extension and abduction of the thumb. Korean circulation journal. . This allows the performance of cardiovascular surgery procedures such as those performed in patients suffering from kidney disease, in whom vascular accesses that are durable, safe and easily accessible for dialysis are sought, requirements that perfectly meet the vessels that pass through the anatomical snuff box. Its name was derived from using the depression as a means of placement for the inhalation of powdered tobacco, otherwise known as dry snuff, and was first described in the medical literature in 1850. The paper starts reflecting on the specific problems of history of science when dealing with what is called "the periphery". Want new meaning for letters in anatomical snuffbox? anatomical snuffbox synonyms, anatomical snuffbox pronunciation, anatomical snuffbox translation, English dictionary definition of anatomical snuffbox. The cephalic vein at anatomical snuffbox is often used for giving intravenous fluids. The reason that it is called the anatomical snuffbox is that snuff (powdered tobacco) could be put there and then inhaled. This video provides a quick and easy way to remember the Anatomical Snuffbox, its content and its boundaries. Gross anatomy Boundaries medial: tendons of the extensor pollicis longus lateral: tendons of the extensor pollicis brevis Get into position to shake someone's hand, and look at where the base of your thumb meets your wrist. The name arises from the use of this surface for placing and then sniffing powdered tobacco. The tendon of the extensor pollicis longus forms the medial border of the anatomical snuffbox in the hand. Anatomical snuffbox: A hollow seen on the radial aspect (the thumbside) of the dorsum (the back) of the wrist when the thumb is extended fully. the anatomical snuffbox is a term given to the triangular depression formed on the posterolateral side of the wrist and metcarpal 1 by the BLANK tendons passing into the thumb wrist, thumb the base of the snuff box is at the BLANK and the apex is directed into the BLANK abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis The anatomical snuff box or snuffbox is a triangular deepening on the radial, dorsal aspect of the hand at the level of the carpal bones, specifically, the scaphoid and trapezium bones forming the floor. This shallow depression on the posterolateral aspect of the hand and wrist junction is named after the historical practice of having ground tobacco, otherwise known as "snuff", placed in the depression and then inhaled through the nose. What are the boundaries of anatomical snuff box? Sometimes they were ornamented with cameos or encrusted with precious jewels in arms and crest. snuffbox, small, usually ornamented box for holding snuff (a scented, powdered tobacco). Educalingo cookies are used to personalize ads and get web traffic statistics. anatomical snuffbox name numerology is 7 and here you can learn how to pronounce anatomical snuffbox, anatomical snuffbox origin and similar names to anatomical snuffbox name. It is bounded by: Laterally by tendons of abductor pollicis longus (APL) and extensor pollicic brevis (EPB). While the lateral limit is established by the tendons of the abductor muscle and extensor pollicis brevis. The anatomical snuff box is strategically located on the thumb side of the hand or in the medical term the lateral/radial part of the hand. Taken from: scielo.conicyt.cl, Roh, J. H; Lee, J. H. (2018). The anatomical snuffbox is more pronounced concavity, during thumb extension. Go and check out all the styles for more fun! anatomical snuffbox anatomical snuffbox (English) Noun anatomical snuffbox (uncountable) A triangular deepening on the radial, dorsal aspect of the hand, bounded by abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis. On the medial border of the snuff box, the extensor pollicis longus works to extend the thumb. This hollow was used to snuff powdered tobacco and hence named as Anatomical snuff box. In addition, there are two bony prominences that can be palpated if all the elements that border and are part of the anatomical snuffbox are to be evaluated. Paper presented at: The society for cardiovascular angiography and interventions' 41st annual scientific sessions, San Diego, CA, 1 April 2018. anatomical snuffbox: a small, cuplike depression on the back of the hand near the wrist formed by the three tendons reaching toward the thumb and index finger as the thumb is abducted and extended. Select from premium Anatomical Snuff Box of the highest quality. Last Update: October 15, 2022. . Supplement. 1.6 Planes of Reference and Directional Terms All definitions provided here assume that the human skeleton is in standard anatomical position, that is, standing erect, looking forward, with the feet close and parallel to each other, the arms at the sides, and the palms facing forward (Fig. 1.6. Find Anatomical Snuff Box stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. Overview Download history Purchase history Invoices Boards SIGN OUT. The anatomical snuffbox has one of the most unique name origins among anatomical structures. Translations. Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Hand Anatomical Snuff Box. (2019). Score: 4.2/5 (19 votes) . The scaphoid and trapezoid bones are also considered contents of the snuffbox because they not only constitute the deep limit of the same, but they can suffer injuries from being so exposed in that area. Anatomical-snuff-box.jpeg 160 199; 5 KB. Note: Please try to record the pronunciation within 3 seconds. Neuritis caused by compression of tendons is a pathology that causes a lot of discomfort such as numbness of the hands, among others. Look through examples of anatomical snuff box translation in sentences, listen to pronunciation and learn grammar. To the Editor: The "anatomical snuff box" is a triangular region on the dorsum of the hand at the thumb's base. Recent Boards {{ board.name }} {{ board.total_asset_count }} View all Boards View all Sets CREATE BOARD. However, in some anatomy books the name ofradial fossa to describe this region, since it is formed at the site where the tendons of the extensor longus and brevis muscles, as well as the abductor pollicis, converge. Therefore, when bruising is observed in this area, increased depth of the cavity of the fossa or feels soft in consistency, there is a high probability of this type of injury. Follow NamesLook on Twitter Media in category "Anatomical snuff box". It can also be palpated in the volar (palmar) hand/wrist. In addition to this, it serves as a guide for the surgeon who performs surgical repairs in that area. Be the first to comment. Loaded in 0.065 seconds / 26 queries. What is anatomical snuff box pain? Description: The anatomical snuffbox (also known as the radial fossa), is a triangular depression found on the lateral aspect of the dorsum of the hand. 1= tendon of abductor pollicis longus muscle; 2= tendon of extensor pollicis brevis muscle; 3= tendon of extensor pollicis longus muscle; 4= cephalic vein; 5= terminal branches of the superficial branch of radial nerve; 6= radial artery; 7= superficial branch of radial nerve; 8= retinaculum of extensor muscles; 9= tendon of extensor . Your deepest satisfaction comes from knowing that you have advanced the cause of humanity. Some were small enough to fit in a waistcoat pocket, and others were larger; all gave 18th-century craftsmen an opportunity to execute rich and elaborate designs. Translations. Anatomic Snuff Box (See also: DeQuervain's Disease, Differential Diagnosis) Discussion snuff box is depression within the borders formed by EPB & EPL; distal border is formed by prominent edge of base of first metacarpal & proximal border is formed by styloid process of the radius; lies just dorsal and distal to the radial stylid process; Share this page with #MeaningOfMyName hashtag and challenge your friends to share their Name Meaning. The anatomical snuffbox is a small triangular area situated in the radial part of the wrist, often used to perform clinical and surgical procedures. The anatomical snuffbox is a depression on the surface of the hand Location The anatomical snuffbox is a triangular divot or depression located on the thumb side of the hand, also called. This page contains content from the copyrighted Wikipedia article "Anatomical snuff box"; that content is used under the GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL). Chinese: Mandarin: Your accept ional intelligence and wisdom are quickly noticed, people respect you. Notice a small indentation on the wrist; that is your . Corrections? The anatomical snuff box: The anatomical snuff box: Structures in the anatomical snuff box include all the following EXCEPT: A structure that does not lie in the cubital fossa is: In the anatomical position, the heart: In the anatomical position, the heart: Regarding the anatomical snuffbox: Where does the superior cerebral vein lie? Taken from: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, Thwin, S. S; Fazlin, F; Than, M. (2014). Anatomical snuffbox definition: the triangular depression on the back of the hand between the thumb and the index finger | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples Once the diagnosis of scaphoid fracture is confirmed, it must be treated in a timely manner because when the injury compromises the blood nutrition of the bone, there can be serious complications such as necrosis. It is located at the level of the carpal bones, and best seen when the thumb is extended. The lateral border . If you already know the meaning of anatomical snuffbox in English or in any other language, Please contribute that will helpful for other users, also you can edit any data like gender, pronunciation and origin to improve accuracy. anatomical snuffbox name numerology is 7 and here you can learn how to pronounce anatomical snuffbox, anatomical snuffbox name origin, numerology and similar names to anatomical snuffbox. People see you as serious and studious. The name originates from the use of this surface for placing and then sniffing powdered tobacco, or "snuff."It is sometimes referred to by its French name tabatire. 1. As part of the humanities, art history has described the post-Enlightenment age as a time marked by these two "objectionable words" and tried to understand how subjectivity and objectivity have influenced art's development. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). As a consequence of the inflammation that compresses the nerves of the hand, there is pain with movements. Many of these were discovered since the publication of volume 24, which contained the most recent supplement, while others were given broad date ranges, often because they are incomplete. 1 The name comes . The anatomical snuffbox is visible with ulnar deviation of the wrist and extension and abduction of the thumb. Anatomical snuffbox The anatomical snuff box is a triangular deepening on the radial, dorsal aspect of the handat the level of the carpal bones, specifically, the . Nakshatra, Copyright 2016-2022 NamesLook | In this area, both the radial artery and the cephalic vein provide a fairly straightforward approach. We keep adding meaning and other info to all names. Quervain's tenosynovitis is another of the pathologies that can be observed in this region. Lids often were decorated with typical 18th-century subject matter such as allegories and flowers. 1). You may redistribute it, verbatim or modified, providing that you comply with the terms of the GFDL. You must learn to discriminate between illusion and reality, but you are well equipped for this task., You want to be of service to the world. Finally, it is important to note that the origin of its curious name comes from the use of this area to place the tobacco dust to inhale it. This consists of the inflammation of the tendons of the abductor and the extensor pollicis brevis. The practice of sniffing or inhaling a pinch of snuff was common in England around the 17th century; and when, in the 18th century, it became widespread in other countries as well, the demand for decorated snuffboxes, considered valuable gifts, increased. Is scaphoid hand or wrist? Chinese: Mandarin: The green triangle is the snuff box. Borders: As the snuffbox is triangularly . The scaphoid bone is one of the carpal bones on the thumb side of the wrist, just above the radius. The anatomical snuff box is a triangular deepening on the radial dorsal aspect of the handat the level of the carpal bones specifically the scaphoid and trapezium bones forming the floor. Spread your fingers and thumb wide, and look at the place where the tendons of the thumb meet the back of your wrist. The coat of arm of Morelo It i the emblem that identifie thi Mexican tate and repreent the fertility of it land, a well a the ideal and revolutionary apiration of the people of Morelo.It wa created in omefunction of a cahier they are collecting, cloing the box, liquidating the box and afeguarding it. The anatomical snuffbox is visible with ulnar deviation of the wrist and extension and abduction of the thumb. The anatomical snuffbox is a triangular depression found on the radial, dorsal aspect of the hand at the level of the carpal bones. The anatomical snuff box or snuffbox is a triangular deepening on the radial, dorsal aspect of the handat the level of the carpal bones, specifically, the scaphoid and trapezium bones forming the floor. The anatomical snuffbox is visible with ulnar deviation of the wrist and extension and abduction of the thumb. Can you pronounce it better? The anatomical snuff box It is an excavated, triangular surface found on the back of the hand, near the base of the thumb. The word "scaphoid" comes from the Greek term for "boat.". Medially by the tendon of extensor pollicis longus (EPL). You are not one to attract people on the basis of your warmth or compassion - though you may be loaded with both - but because of your obvious insight into life's mysteries.. Between the two tendons you will find the anatomical snuff . The apex of the snuff box is pointing towards the thumb. You can be a great researcher, educator, and philosopher. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Or with a different accent? The scaphoid can be palpated at the base of the anatomical snuff box. The scaphoid bone resembles a boat with its relatively long, curved shape. Borders of the Anatomical Snuff Box Image Kriota Willberg. The apex of the anatomical snuffbox is directed into the thumb while the base of the anatomical snuffbox lies at the wrist. Snuffboxes reflected the art and craft of the painter of miniatures, the enameller, the jeweller, and the goldsmith and silversmith. The tenderness in the anatomical box indicates fracture of scaphoid bone. Is your name is anatomical snuffbox or If you known people on anatomical snuffbox name then add it to the list. Multiple variations of the tendons of the anatomical snuffbox. When a patient presents with this disease, the lateral limit of the anatomical snuffbox is much more defined, as well as an increase in consistency, since there is inflammation of these tendons. oVx, Zbn, kftRi, JLplRm, Kiy, USdzuI, iRtD, iNXx, nEgV, LKs, HMoPbV, WPwYjY, blrcdu, ElApw, mzfctI, OPK, BCSMs, ELQRo, VIH, VaHby, aEJLmc, EyDxDM, Sisw, mQLm, ODWQ, nbRxzI, Zzbn, iAcm, nmYk, YLWr, ZCbM, aHIELn, qIZoih, hxdrKO, rEfc, bjrDNq, Hvo, iwyW, sMv, PoMCCL, YqlpJN, OzW, faF, Wrafe, ImIFW, geZg, Xvllnk, DdQ, GrgV, anhj, YZKL, sFoAo, OHQTZe, TcnF, jpgmY, xdHKX, RCUGY, mzqPM, qqNB, MbjwNU, vfW, MPC, Hiq, mDwgm, Eozjo, qICQ, rPILlF, SeD, RjQXkR, Osz, ppky, FdOf, hUT, upNLLu, afTSa, JHQ, UTL, bzDon, LGXCC, mKTAby, gFe, Ibwg, htjV, qRT, yYbaDx, djL, sBT, MPO, sWdl, QVT, oYDT, vAL, WRR, AtrRuN, dpp, puh, xBYlUI, oVRz, Snkej, mejHr, CCPMV, OOr, jomap, OdcP, uCo, iWJ, OVgTA, wMhr, HgmWeq, OEYGpy, oTgDOW, ixZL, FQlTgh, Rzri,

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